力士樂(lè)電磁球閥R900570516 M-3SEW6U3X/420MG24N9K4/B15
電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業(yè)設(shè)備,是用來(lái)控制流體的自動(dòng)化基礎(chǔ)元件,屬于執(zhí)行器,并不限于液壓、氣動(dòng)。用在工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)中調(diào)整介質(zhì)的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數(shù)。電磁閥可以配合不同的電路來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期的控制,而控制的精度和靈活性都能夠保證。電磁閥有很多種,不同的電磁閥在控制系統(tǒng)的不同位置發(fā)揮作用,常用的是單向閥、安全閥、方向控制閥、速度調(diào)節(jié)閥等。
電磁閥里有密閉的腔,在不同位置開(kāi)有通孔,每個(gè)孔連接不同的油管,腔中間是活塞,兩面是兩塊電磁鐵,哪面的磁鐵線圈通電閥體就會(huì)被吸引到哪邊,通過(guò)控制閥體的移動(dòng)來(lái)開(kāi)啟或關(guān)閉不同的排油孔,而進(jìn)油孔是常開(kāi)的,液壓油就會(huì)進(jìn)入不同的排油管,然后通過(guò)油的壓力來(lái)推動(dòng)油缸的活塞,活塞又帶動(dòng)活塞桿,活塞桿帶動(dòng)機(jī)械裝置。這樣通過(guò)控制電磁鐵的電流通斷就控制了機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)。
2主要分類
1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類:
1)直動(dòng)式電磁閥:
原理:通電時(shí),電磁線圈產(chǎn)生電磁力把關(guān)閉件從閥座上提起,閥門打開(kāi);斷電時(shí),電磁力消失,彈簧把關(guān)閉件壓在閥座上,閥門關(guān)閉。
特點(diǎn):在真空、負(fù)壓、零壓時(shí)能正常工作,但通徑一般不超過(guò)25mm。
2)分步直動(dòng)式電磁閥:
原理:它是一種直動(dòng)和先導(dǎo)式相結(jié)合的原理,當(dāng)入口與出口沒(méi)有壓差時(shí),通電后,電磁力直接把先導(dǎo)小閥和主閥關(guān)閉件依次向上提起,閥門打開(kāi)。當(dāng)入口與出口達(dá)到啟動(dòng)壓差時(shí),通電后,電磁力先導(dǎo)小閥,主閥下腔壓力上升,上腔壓力下降,從而利用壓差把主閥向上推開(kāi);斷電時(shí),先導(dǎo)閥利用彈簧力或介質(zhì)壓力推動(dòng)關(guān)閉件,向下移動(dòng),使閥門關(guān)閉。
特點(diǎn):在零壓差或真空、高壓時(shí)亦能可*動(dòng)作,但功率較大,要求必須水平安裝。
3)先導(dǎo)式電磁閥:
原理:通電時(shí),電磁力把先導(dǎo)孔打開(kāi),上腔室壓力迅速下降,在關(guān) 閉件周圍形成上低下高的壓差,流體壓力推動(dòng)關(guān)閉件向上移動(dòng),閥門打開(kāi);斷電時(shí),彈簧力把先導(dǎo)孔關(guān)閉,入口壓力通過(guò)旁通孔迅速腔室在關(guān)閥件周圍形成下低上高的壓差,流體壓力推動(dòng)關(guān)閉件向下移動(dòng),關(guān)閉閥門。
特點(diǎn):流體壓力范圍上限較高,可任意安裝(需定制)但必須滿足流體壓差條件。
2、電磁閥從閥結(jié)構(gòu)和材料上的不同與原理上的區(qū)別,分為六個(gè)分支小類:直動(dòng)膜片結(jié)構(gòu)、分步直動(dòng)膜片結(jié)構(gòu)、先導(dǎo)膜片結(jié)構(gòu)、直動(dòng)活塞結(jié)構(gòu)、分步直動(dòng)活塞結(jié)構(gòu)、先導(dǎo)活塞結(jié)構(gòu)。
3、電磁閥按照功能分類:水用電磁閥、蒸汽電磁閥、制冷電磁閥、低溫電磁閥、燃?xì)怆姶砰y、消防電磁閥、氨用電磁閥、氣體電磁閥、液體電磁閥、微型電磁閥、脈沖電磁閥、液壓電磁閥 常開(kāi)電磁閥、油用電磁閥、直流電磁閥、高壓電磁閥、防爆電磁閥等。
電磁閥選型首先應(yīng)該依次遵循安全性,可靠性,適用性,經(jīng)濟(jì)性四大原 則,其次是根據(jù)六個(gè)方面的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工況(即管道參數(shù)、流體參數(shù)、壓力參數(shù)、電氣參數(shù)、動(dòng)作方式、特殊要求進(jìn)行選擇)。
選型依據(jù):
1、根據(jù)管道參數(shù)選擇電磁閥的:通徑規(guī)格(即DN)、接口方式
1)按照現(xiàn)場(chǎng)管道內(nèi)徑尺寸或流量要求來(lái)確定通徑(DN)尺寸;
2)接口方式,一般>DN50要選擇法蘭接口,≤DN50則可根據(jù)用戶需要自由選擇。
2、根據(jù)流體參數(shù)選擇電磁閥的:材質(zhì)、溫度組
1)腐蝕性流體:宜選用耐腐蝕電磁閥和全不銹鋼;食用超凈流體:宜選用食品級(jí)不銹鋼材質(zhì)電磁閥;
2)高溫流體:要選擇采用耐高溫的電工材料和密封材料制造的電磁閥,而且要選擇活塞式結(jié)構(gòu)類型的;
3)流體狀態(tài):大至有氣態(tài),液態(tài)或混合狀態(tài),特別是口徑大于DN25時(shí)一定要區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái);
4)流體粘度:通常在50cSt以下可任意選擇,若超過(guò)此值,則要選用高粘度電磁閥。
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