娌冲寳寤ｆ旦绠′欢鏈夐檺鍏徃鎺ㄥ埗灏侀牠绨�(ji菐n)浠嬶細
elbow鍦ㄧ璺郴绲�(t菕ng)涓�锛屽綆闋槸鏀硅畩绠¤矾鏂瑰悜鐨勭浠�銆傛寜瑙掑害鍒�锛屾湁45掳鍙�90掳180掳涓夌ó鏈€甯哥敤鐨�锛屽彟澶栨牴鎿�(j霉)宸ョ▼闇€瑕侀倓鍖呮嫭60掳绛夊叾浠栭潪姝ｅ父瑙掑害褰庨牠銆傚綆闋殑鏉愭枡鏈変笉閵归嫾銆佸悎閲戦嫾銆佸彲閸涢憚閻点€佺⒊閶�銆併€傝垏绠″瓙閫ｆ帴鐨勬柟寮忔湁锛氱洿鎺ョ剨鎺ワ紙鏈€甯哥敤鐨勬柟寮忥級娉曡槶閫ｆ帴銆佺啽鐔旈€ｆ帴銆侀浕鐔旈€ｆ帴銆佽灪绱嬮€ｆ帴鍙婃壙鎻掑紡閫ｆ帴绛�銆傛寜鐓х敓鐢�(ch菐n)宸ヨ棟鍙垎鐐猴細鐒婃帴褰庨牠銆佹矕澹撳綆闋�銆佹帹鍒跺綆闋�銆侀憚閫犲綆闋瓑銆傚叾浠栧悕绋憋細90搴﹀綆闋�銆佺洿瑙掑綆銆佹剾(脿i)鑰屽綆绛�銆�
宸ヨ棟鍙冩暩(sh霉)浠嬬垂锛� 娌栧褰庨牠鏄閬撳畨瑁濆伐绋嬩腑甯歌(ji脿n)鐨勪竴绋閬撻€ｆ帴閰嶄欢锛屽畠鏄娇鐢ㄥ悓绠℃潗鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鏉愯唱(zh矛)鐨勯嫾鏉垮仛鐐哄師鏉愭枡锛岄€氶亷(gu貌)娌栧妯″叿鍒朵綔鎴愬叐鍊�(g猫)鍗婂織鐨勫綆闋�锛岀劧鍚庣剨鎺ヨ€屾垚鐨�銆傛矕澹撳綆闋殑浣滅敤鏄€ｆ帴鍏╁€�(g猫)渚�(l谩i)涓嶆槸涓€楂旂殑绠￠亾骞朵娇鍏跺畬鎴愪竴瀹氳搴︾殑杞�(zhu菐n)璁�銆傜劇(w煤)绺綆闋湪绠￠亾绯荤当(t菕ng)閰嶄欢涓墍鍗犳瘮渚嬬浉灏�(du矛)杓冨ぇ锛岀磩鐐�70%~80%.涓€鑸儏娉佷笅锛岀劇(w煤)绺綆闋皪(du矛)涓嶅悓鏉愭枡闇€瑕侀伕鎿囦笉鍚岀殑宸ヨ棟銆傜洰鍓嶇劇(w煤)绺綆闋殑鎴愬舰宸ヨ棟鏈夌啽鎺�銆佹摖澹撱€佹矕澹撶瓑銆�
鐒�(w煤)绺綆闋箣鎵€浠ユ渻(hu矛)鎴愮偤褰庨牠甯傚牬(ch菐ng)鐨勪富鍔涜粛鏄洜?y脿n)妯楅肌纰涜l(w猫i)鐢熺劇(w煤)姣�銆侀噸閲忚紩銆佽€愮啽鎬уソ銆佽€愯厫铦曟€уソ鍙婃姉娌栨€ц兘濂藉拰浣跨敤澹藉懡闀�(zh菐ng)绛夐噸瑕佺壒榛�(di菐n)銆傝€岀洰鍓嶅湪鍦�(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)姣旇純甯歌(ji脿n)鐨勫煼(zh铆)琛屾(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐐猴細GB/T12459-2005; GB/T13401-2005绛�銆�
閶煎埗鐔卞鎴愬瀷鎴栭崨鎵撴垚鍨嬬殑褰庨牠绋变箣鐐哄皪(du矛)鐒婂綆闋�锛屽洜?y脿n)妯楊弨鍊狟鎺ユ槸鐩存帴褰庨牠鐝�(xi脿n)绠￠亾灏�(du矛)鐒�锛屾晠寰楀悕璎備箣灏�(du矛)鐒婂綆闋€傜洰鍓�锛屽湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)闂�(gu膩n)浜庡皪(du矛)鐒婂綆闋殑鍩�(zh铆)琛屾(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)涓昏浠B/T13401-2005鍙奊B/T10752-1995鐐轰富銆傚皪(du矛)鐒婂綆闋仛鐐哄綆闋鏃忎腑鐨勯噸瑕佹垚鍝�锛屽畠鐨勫垎椤炴(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鏄毚(y谩n)鏍兼寜瀹舵棌鐨勫垎椤炴(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)渚�(l谩i)鍩�(zh铆)琛岀殑銆�
鎬ц兘鐗归粸(di菐n)锛� 鐝�(xi脿n)琛屾垜鍦�(gu贸)鐨勫湅(gu贸)妯�(bi膩o)娌栧褰庨牠鍩�(zh铆)琛岀殑鏄疓B/T12459-2005;GB/T13401-2005;GB/T10752-1995绛夛紱鍥�?y脿n)闂哶澹撳綆闋湁闈炲父鑹ソ鐨勭稖鍚堟€ц兘锛屾墍浠ョ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄥ凡缍�(j墨ng)琚唬娉涚殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ湪鍖栧伐銆佸缓绛戙€佺郸姘�銆佺煶娌�銆佹秷闃�銆佽埅澶�銆侀浕鍔涚瓑绛夊鍊�(g猫)鍩虹(ch菙)琛屾キ(y猫)銆傜劇(w煤)绺帤澹佸綆闋槸鐢ㄤ簬绠￠亾杞�(zhu菐n)褰庤檿鐨勪竴绋浠�銆傚湪绠￠亾绯荤当(t菕ng)澶氫娇鐢ㄧ殑鍏ㄩ儴绠′欢涓�锛屾墍鍗犳瘮渚嬫渶澶�锛岀磩鐐�80%銆傞€氬父锛屽皪(du矛)涓嶅悓鏉愭枡璨ㄥ鍘氱殑褰庨牠閬告搰涓嶅悓鐨勬垚褰㈠伐钘�銆�
鐩墠銆傚埗閫犲粻甯哥敤鐨勭劇(w煤)绺綆闋垚褰㈠伐钘濇湁鐔辨帹銆佹矕澹�銆佹摖澹撶瓑 銆�
鐒�(w煤)绺綆闋浠跺洜鍏跺埗閫犲伐钘濅笉鍚�锛屽張鍒嗙偤鐔辫粙锛堟摖澹擄級鐒�(w煤)绺綆闋浠跺拰鍐锋嫈锛堣粙锛夌劇(w煤)绺綆闋浠跺叐绋�銆傚喎鎷旓紙杌嬶級绠″張鍒嗙偤鍦撳舰绠″拰鐣板舰绠″叐绋€�
杌嬪埗鐒�(w煤)绺綆闋浠剁殑鍘熸枡鏄湏绠″澂锛屽湏绠¤儦瑕佺稉(j墨ng)閬�(gu貌)鍒囧壊姗�(j墨)鐨勫垏鍓插姞宸ユ垚闀�(zh菐ng)搴︾磩鐐轰竴绫崇殑鍧枡锛屽苟缍�(j墨ng)鍌抽€佸付閫佸埌鐔旂垚鍏�(n猫i)鍔犵啽銆傞嫾鍧閫佸叆鐔旂垚鍏�(n猫i)鍔犵啽锛屾韩搴﹀ぇ绱勭偤1200鏀濇皬搴�銆傜噧鏂欑偤姘埃鎴栦箼鐐�銆傜垚鍏�(n猫i)婧害鎺у埗鏄棞(gu膩n)閸垫€х殑鍟�(w猫n)椤�.鍦撶鍧嚭鐖愬悗瑕佺稉(j墨ng)閬�(gu貌)澹撳姏绌垮瓟姗�(j墨)閫�(j矛n)琛岀┛绌恒€備竴鑸純甯歌(ji脿n)鐨勭┛瀛旀(j墨)鏄寪褰㈣讥绌垮瓟姗�(j墨)锛岄€欑ó绌垮瓟姗�(j墨)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鏁堢巼楂�锛岀敘(ch菐n)鍝佽唱(zh矛)閲忓ソ锛岀┛瀛旀摯(ku貌)寰戦噺澶э紝鍙┛澶氱ó绠′欢銆傜┛瀛斿悗锛屽湏绠″澂灏卞厛鍚庤涓夎讥鏂滆粙銆侀€ｈ粙鎴栨摖澹撱€傛摖澹撳悗瑕佽劔绠″畾寰�銆傚畾寰戞(j墨)閫氶亷(gu貌)閷愬舰閴嗛牠楂橀€熸棆杞�(zhu菐n)鍏ラ嫾鑳氭墦瀛旓紝褰㈡垚绠′欢銆�
閸涘娉曪細鐢ㄥ瀷閸涙(j墨)灏囩瀛愮閮ㄦ垨涓€閮ㄥ垎浜堜互娌栦几锛屼娇澶栧緫娓涘皯 锛屽父鐢ㄥ瀷閸涙(j墨)鏈夋棆杞�(zhu菐n)寮�銆侀€ｆ】寮忋€佹痪杓紡銆�
婊捐粙娉曪細涓€鑸笉鐢ㄨ姱杌革紝閬╁悎浜庡帤澹佺鍏�(n猫i)鍋�(c猫)鍦撶罚銆傚湪绠″収(n猫i)鏀剧疆鑺瓙锛屽鍛ㄧ敤婊捐吉鎺ㄥ锛岀敤浜庡湏绶ｅ姞宸�銆�
娌栧娉曪細鍦ㄦ矕搴婁笂鐢ㄥ付閷愬害鐨勮姱瀛愬皣绠＄鎿�(ku貌)鍒拌姹傜殑灏哄鍜屽舰鐙€銆�
褰庢洸鎴愬舰娉曪細鏈変笁绋柟娉曡純鐐哄父鐢�锛屼竴绋柟娉曞彨浼稿睍娉曪紝鍙︿竴绋柟娉曞彨娌栧娉�锛岀涓夌ó婊捐吉娉�锛屾湁3锛�4鍊�(g猫)杓�锛屽叐鍊�(g猫)鍥哄畾杓�锛屼竴鍊�(g猫)瑾�(di脿o)鏁磋讥锛岃(di脿o)鏁村浐瀹氳讥璺�锛屾垚鍝佺浠跺氨鏄綆鏇茬殑銆�
榧撹劰娉曪細涓€绋槸鍦ㄧ鍏�(n猫i)鏀剧疆姗¤啝锛屼笂鏂圭敤娌栧瓙澹撶府锛屼娇绠″瓙鍑稿嚭鎴愬舰锛涘彟涓€绋柟娉曟槸娑插榧撹劰鎴愬舰锛屽湪绠″瓙涓儴鍏呭叆娑查珨锛屾恫楂斿鍔涙妸绠″瓙榧撴垚鎵€闇€瑕佺殑褰㈢媭锛屾尝绱嬬鐨勭敓鐢�(ch菐n)澶ч儴鍒嗙敤鐨勬槸閫欑ó鏂规硶銆�
鐒�(w煤)绺綆闋笉鏈�(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻厫铦曘€侀粸(di菐n)铦�銆侀姽铦曟垨纾ㄦ悕銆備笉閵归嫾閭勬槸寤虹瓚鐢ㄩ噾灞潗鏂欎腑寮�(qi谩ng)搴︽渶楂樼殑鏉愭枡涔嬩竴銆傜敱浜庝笉閵归嫾鍏锋湁鑹ソ鐨勮€愯厫铦曟€�锛屾墍浠ュ畠鑳戒娇绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)閮ㄤ欢姘镐箙鍦颁繚鎸佸伐绋嬭ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐨勫畬鏁存€с€傝粙鍒剁劇(w煤)绺綆闋浠剁殑鍘熸枡鏄湏绠″澂,鍦撶鑳氳缍�(j墨ng)閬�(gu貌)鍒囧壊姗�(j墨)鐨勫垏鍓插姞宸ユ垚闀�(zh菐ng)搴︾磩鐐轰竴绫崇殑鍧枡,骞剁稉(j墨ng)鍌抽€佸付閫佸埌鐔旂垚鍏�(n猫i)鍔犵啽.閶煎澂琚€佸叆鐔旂垚鍏�(n猫i)鍔犵啽,婧害澶х磩鐐�1200鏀濇皬搴�.鐖愬収(n猫i)婧害鎺у埗鏄棞(gu膩n)閸垫€х殑鍟�(w猫n)椤�.鍦撶鍧嚭鐖愬悗瑕佺稉(j墨ng)閬�(gu貌)澹撳姏绌垮瓟姗�(j墨)閫�(j矛n)琛岀┛绌�.鐕冩枡鐐烘矮姘ｆ垨涔欑倲. 涓€鑸純甯歌(ji脿n)鐨勭┛瀛旀(j墨)鏄寪褰㈣讥绌垮瓟姗�(j墨),閫欑ó绌垮瓟姗�(j墨)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鏁堢巼楂�,鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佽唱(zh矛)閲忓ソ,绌垮瓟鎿�(ku貌)寰戦噺澶�,鍙┛澶氱ó绠′欢.
鏈粻涓昏鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佹湁锛氬钩鍨嬪皝闋�锛屽ぇ鍨嬪皝闋紝铦跺舰灏侀牠锛屾鍦撳皝闋�锛屾矕澹撳皝闋�锛岀綈楂斿皝闋�锛岀悆褰㈠皝闋�锛岄寪褰㈠皝闋�锛屽鍣ㄥ皝闋�锛岀⒊閶煎皝闋�锛岀敘(ch菐n)鍝佹潗璩�(zh矛)鍒嗗垾鏈夌⒊閶�銆佷笉閵归嫾銆佸悎閲戦嫾鍙婄敤鎴剁壒娈婅姹傜殑鍏朵粬閲戝爆鏉愭枡銆傜敘(ch菐n)鍝佸唬娉涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬鐭虫补銆佸寲宸�銆佽紩宸�銆侀浕鍔�銆佷緵鐔便€佽埞鑸�銆佸煄寤�銆佹补姘ｈ几閫佺瓑琛屾キ(y猫)锛屾殺閵峰湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)29鍊�(g猫)鐪�銆佸競銆佽嚜娌诲崁(q奴)锛屾槸鍦�(gu贸)瀹堕浕鍔涖€佷腑鐭冲寲銆佷腑鐭虫补銆佷腑娴锋补閲嶉粸(di菐n)绠′欢鐢熺敘(ch菐n)渚涙噳(y墨ng)鍟�銆傚叕鍙告妧琛�(sh霉)鍔涢噺闆勫帤锛岀敓鐢�(ch菐n)瑁濆倷鍏堥€�(j矛n)锛屾娓�(c猫)鎵嬫瀹屽倷锛屽叕鍙哥殑瑁濆倷姘村钩銆佺敓鐢�(ch菐n)鑳藉姏鍙婃娓�(c猫)鑳藉姏灞呭湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)鍚岃妤�(y猫)闋�(l菒ng)鍏堟按骞�銆�
鎴戝€戝皣浠ュ劒(y艒u)璩�(zh矛)鐨勮唱(zh矛)閲忔豢瓒冲鎴剁殑瑕佹眰锛屼互鍎�(y艒u)鎯犵殑鍍�(ji脿)鏍奸檷浣庣敤鎴剁殑鎴愭湰锛屼互鐪熻獱(ch茅ng)鐨勬湇鍕�(w霉)璐忓緱鐢ㄦ埗淇′换銆傛垜鍊戠穵闅ㄥ湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)澶栧畨闃叉妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勫墠閫�(j矛n)锛屾妸椤у鐨勬豢鎰忎綔鐐烘垜鍊戞渶澶х殑鎰挎湜锛屼娇瀹㈡埗鐨勮姹傚緱鍒版渶澶х殑婊胯冻锛岀瑾�(ch茅ng)鑸囧湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)澶栧悇鐣屾湅鍙嬪強鏂拌€佸鎴跺缓绔嬪弸濂界櫦(f膩)灞曢棞(gu膩n)绯伙紝绮捐獱(ch茅ng)鍚堜綔锛屽叡鍚岀櫦(f膩)灞�锛屽叡鍓�(chu脿ng)杓濈厡锛�
