（2）軸套型：軸套型又可分為半空型、全空型和大口徑型等。
4、以編碼器工作原理可分為：光電式、磁電式和觸點(diǎn)電刷式。
常見(jiàn)故障
1、編碼器本身故障：是指編碼器本身元器件出現(xiàn)故障，
導(dǎo)致其不能產(chǎn)生和輸出正確的波形。這種情況下需更換編碼器或維修其內(nèi)部器件。
2、編碼器連接電纜故障：這種故障出現(xiàn)的幾率 最高，維修中經(jīng)常遇到，應(yīng)是優(yōu)先考慮的因素。通常為編碼器電纜斷路、短路或接觸不良，這時(shí)需更換電纜或接頭。還應(yīng)特別注意是否是由于電纜固定不緊，造成松動(dòng)引起開(kāi)焊或斷路，這時(shí)需卡緊電纜。
3、編碼器+5V電源下降：是指+5V電源過(guò)低， 通常不能低于4.75V，造成過(guò)低的原因是供電電源故障或電源傳送電纜阻值偏大而引起損耗，這時(shí)需檢修電源或更換電纜。
4、絕對(duì)式編碼器電池電壓下降：這種故障通常有含義明確的報(bào)警，
這時(shí)需更換電池，如果參考點(diǎn)位置記憶丟失，還須執(zhí)行重回參考點(diǎn)操作。
5、編碼器電纜屏蔽線未接或脫落：這會(huì)引入干擾信號(hào)，使波形不穩(wěn)定，影響通信的準(zhǔn)確性，必須保證屏蔽線可靠的焊接及接地。
6、編碼器安裝松動(dòng)：這種故障會(huì)影響位置控制 精度，造成停止和移動(dòng)中位置偏差量超差，甚至剛一開(kāi)機(jī)即產(chǎn)生伺服系統(tǒng)過(guò)載報(bào)警，請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e注意。
7、光柵污染 這會(huì)使信號(hào)輸出幅度下降，必須用脫脂棉沾無(wú)水酒精輕輕擦除油污。
安裝使用
絕對(duì)型旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器的機(jī)械安裝使用：
絕對(duì)型旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器的機(jī)械安裝有高速端安裝、低速端安裝、
輔助機(jī)械裝置安裝等多種形式。
高速端安裝：安裝于動(dòng)力馬達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)軸端（或齒輪連接），此方法優(yōu)點(diǎn)是分辨率高，由于多圈編碼器有4096圈，馬達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)圈數(shù)在此量程范圍內(nèi)，可充分用足量程而提高分辨率，缺點(diǎn)是運(yùn)動(dòng)物體通過(guò)減速齒輪后，來(lái)回程有齒輪間隙誤差，一般用于單向高精度控制定位，例如軋鋼的輥縫控制。另外編碼器直接安裝于高速端，馬達(dá)抖動(dòng)須較小，不然易損壞編碼器。
低速端安裝：安裝于減速齒輪后，如卷?yè)P(yáng)鋼絲繩卷筒的軸端或最后一節(jié)減速齒輪軸端，此方法已無(wú)齒輪來(lái)回程間隙，測(cè)量較直接，精度較高，此方法一般測(cè)量長(zhǎng)距離定位，例如各種提升設(shè)備，送料小車(chē)定位等。
輔助機(jī)械安裝：
常用的有齒輪齒條、鏈條皮帶、摩擦轉(zhuǎn)輪、收繩機(jī)械等。
接線方法
旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器是一種光電式旋轉(zhuǎn)測(cè)量裝置，它將被測(cè)的角位移直接轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號(hào)（高速脈沖信號(hào)）。
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