（2）軸套型：軸套型又可分為半空型、全空型和大口徑型等。
4、以編碼器工作原理可分為：光電式、磁電式和觸點電刷式。
常見故障
1、編碼器本身故障：是指編碼器本身元器件出現(xiàn)故障，
導致其不能產(chǎn)生和輸出正確的波形。這種情況下需更換編碼器或維修其內(nèi)部器件。
2、編碼器連接電纜故障：這種故障出現(xiàn)的幾率 最高，維修中經(jīng)常遇到，應是優(yōu)先考慮的因素。通常為編碼器電纜斷路、短路或接觸不良，這時需更換電纜或接頭。還應特別注意是否是由于電纜固定不緊，造成松動引起開焊或斷路，這時需卡緊電纜。
3、編碼器+5V電源下降：是指+5V電源過低， 通常不能低于4.75V，造成過低的原因是供電電源故障或電源傳送電纜阻值偏大而引起損耗，這時需檢修電源或更換電纜。
4、絕對式編碼器電池電壓下降：這種故障通常有含義明確的報警，
這時需更換電池，如果參考點位置記憶丟失，還須執(zhí)行重回參考點操作。
5、編碼器電纜屏蔽線未接或脫落：這會引入干擾信號，使波形不穩(wěn)定，影響通信的準確性，必須保證屏蔽線可靠的焊接及接地。
6、編碼器安裝松動：這種故障會影響位置控制 精度，造成停止和移動中位置偏差量超差，甚至剛一開機即產(chǎn)生伺服系統(tǒng)過載報警，請?zhí)貏e注意。
7、光柵污染 這會使信號輸出幅度下降，必須用脫脂棉沾無水酒精輕輕擦除油污。
安裝使用
絕對型旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器的機械安裝使用：
絕對型旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器的機械安裝有高速端安裝、低速端安裝、
輔助機械裝置安裝等多種形式。
高速端安裝：安裝于動力馬達轉(zhuǎn)軸端（或齒輪連接），此方法優(yōu)點是分辨率高，由于多圈編碼器有4096圈，馬達轉(zhuǎn)動圈數(shù)在此量程范圍內(nèi)，可充分用足量程而提高分辨率，缺點是運動物體通過減速齒輪后，來回程有齒輪間隙誤差，一般用于單向高精度控制定位，例如軋鋼的輥縫控制。另外編碼器直接安裝于高速端，馬達抖動須較小，不然易損壞編碼器。
低速端安裝：安裝于減速齒輪后，如卷揚鋼絲繩卷筒的軸端或最后一節(jié)減速齒輪軸端，此方法已無齒輪來回程間隙，測量較直接，精度較高，此方法一般測量長距離定位，例如各種提升設備，送料小車定位等。
輔助機械安裝：
常用的有齒輪齒條、鏈條皮帶、摩擦轉(zhuǎn)輪、收繩機械等。
接線方法
旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器是一種光電式旋轉(zhuǎn)測量裝置，它將被測的角位移直接轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號（高速脈沖信號）。
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