1203-CN1
1203-CN1
1203-CN1
從PLC控制系統(tǒng)與電器控制系統(tǒng)比較可知，PLC的用戶程序（軟件）代替了繼電器控制電路（硬件）。因此，對(duì)于使用者來(lái)說(shuō)，可以將PLC等效成是許許多多各種各樣的“軟繼電器”和“軟接線”的集合，而用戶程序就是用“軟接線”將“軟繼電器”及其“觸點(diǎn)”按一定要求連接起來(lái)的“控制電路”。
為了更好的理解這種等效關(guān)系，下面通過(guò)一個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明。如圖1所示為三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)單向起動(dòng)運(yùn)行的電器控制系統(tǒng)。其中，由輸入設(shè)備SB1、SB2、FR的觸點(diǎn)構(gòu)成系統(tǒng)的輸入部分，由輸出設(shè)備KM構(gòu)成系統(tǒng)的輸出部分。
圖1 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)單向運(yùn)行電器控制系統(tǒng)
a）主電路 b）控制電路
如果用PLC來(lái)控制這臺(tái)三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)，組成一個(gè)PLC控制系統(tǒng)，根據(jù)上述分析可知，系統(tǒng)主電路不變，只要將輸入設(shè)備SB1、SB2、FR的觸點(diǎn)與PLC的輸入端連接，輸出設(shè)備KM線圈與PLC的輸出端連接，就構(gòu)成PLC控制系統(tǒng)的輸入、輸出硬件線路。而控制部分的功能則由PLC的用戶程序來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，其等效電路如圖2所示。
圖2 PLC的等效電路
圖中，輸入設(shè)備SB1、SB2、FR與PLC內(nèi)部的“軟繼電器”X0、X1、X2的“線圈”對(duì)應(yīng)，由輸入設(shè)備控制相對(duì)應(yīng)的“軟繼電器”的狀態(tài)，即通過(guò)這些“軟繼電器”將外部輸入設(shè)備狀態(tài)變成PLC內(nèi)部的狀態(tài)，這類(lèi)“軟繼電器”稱(chēng)為輸入繼電器；同理，輸出設(shè)備KM與PLC內(nèi)部的“軟繼電器”Y0對(duì)應(yīng)，由“軟繼電器”Y0狀態(tài)控制對(duì)應(yīng)的輸出設(shè)備KM的狀態(tài)，即通過(guò)這些“軟繼電器”將PLC內(nèi)部狀態(tài)輸出，以控制外部輸出設(shè)備，這類(lèi)“軟繼電器”稱(chēng)為輸出繼電器。
因此，PLC用戶程序要實(shí)現(xiàn)的是：如何用輸入繼電器X0、X1、X2來(lái)控制輸出繼電器Y0。當(dāng)控制要求復(fù)雜時(shí)，程序中還要采用PLC內(nèi)部的其它類(lèi)型的“軟繼電器”，如輔助繼電器、定時(shí)器、計(jì)數(shù)器等，以達(dá)到控制要求。
要注意的是，PLC等效電路中的繼電器并不是實(shí)際的物理繼電器，它實(shí)質(zhì)上是存儲(chǔ)器單元的狀態(tài)。單元狀態(tài)為“１”，相當(dāng)于繼電器接通；單元狀態(tài)為“０”，則相當(dāng)于繼電器斷開(kāi)。因此，我們稱(chēng)這些繼電器為“軟繼電器”。
福州卓凱電子科技有限公司
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