并有逐步取代傳統(tǒng)絮凝劑的趨勢(shì)。西歐各國(guó)于1976年開始生產(chǎn)聚合氯化鋁，用作工業(yè)污水處理絮凝劑;美國(guó)、加拿大已于1983年批準(zhǔn)將其用于城市給水和工業(yè)污水處理。 聚合氯化鋁是水處理混凝劑的常用藥劑，水處理效果顯著，在飲用水、工業(yè)污水凈化中有著至關(guān)重要的作用。我們常用到的聚合氯化鋁含量有：26%、28%、30%。聚合氯化鋁含
量的不同，用途也不同，相對(duì)應(yīng)的聚合氯化鋁價(jià)格也不同
水污染的危害顯而易見聚合氯化鋁合理攻堅(jiān)管理水污染.
家對(duì)854個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)進(jìn)行調(diào)查,每天的排放量達(dá)36個(gè)處理一噸沙的成本多少啊 高了承受不了啊 沒(méi)有利潤(rùn)了
在這了河南安家凈環(huán)保技術(shù)人員通過(guò)多年的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試 總結(jié)出來(lái)的使用量和使用成本給大家解讀一下
1kg聚丙烯酰胺可以溶1噸是pam溶液 一噸聚丙烯酰胺的價(jià)格在8000-12000元之間 咱就按照1萬(wàn)元來(lái)計(jì)算 1噸聚丙烯酰胺溶液的藥劑成本是10塊錢 那么處理一噸污水的需要多少聚丙烯酰胺AM聚丙烯酰胺的合成及工藝物理特性：PAM由丙烯腈與水在骨架銅催化劑作用下直接反響生成聚丙烯酰胺再經(jīng)離子交流聚合單調(diào)，等工序即得廢品，工藝簡(jiǎn)介如下：催化劑：催化水合CH2=CHCN+H2O 濕度 CH2=CHCONH2 聚合nCH2=CHCONH2-引發(fā)劑-CH2CHCONH2
聚丙烯酰胺工業(yè)用處：聚丙烯酸胺(PAM)分子量高、水溶性好、可調(diào)理分子量，并能夠引進(jìn)各種離子基團(tuán)以得到特定的性能。低分子量是分散資料有效增調(diào)劑或穩(wěn)定劑，高分子量是重要的絮凝劑，它能夠制造出親水而水不溶性的凝膠，它對(duì)許多團(tuán)體外表和溶解物質(zhì)有良可以作為凈水藥劑使用，也可以在造紙領(lǐng)域被當(dāng)做助留劑使用，部分造紙使用草漿纖維較短，細(xì)胞雜質(zhì)較高，導(dǎo)致了紙張強(qiáng)度較差，抄紙過(guò)程中濾水困難。對(duì)于此問(wèn)題處理辦法有兩種：機(jī)械截留和膠體絮凝。
機(jī)械截留類似于過(guò)濾作用，它適用于紙張中較長(zhǎng)部分纖維，纖細(xì)組分隱藏高的原因無(wú)法由此說(shuō)明，助留劑的助留作用也無(wú)法用此解釋；
膠體絮凝作用為：凝聚作用和絮凝作用。分子量較小或者無(wú)機(jī)鹽、電荷密度較高的聚合物使膠體懸浮液穩(wěn)定性喪失從而發(fā)生絮聚作用稱之為凝聚作用，經(jīng)過(guò)電荷中和、異相凝聚和補(bǔ)綴作用幾種方法產(chǎn)生的沉積物。聚合氯化鋁是指聚凝作用中所提到的無(wú)機(jī)鹽。電荷密度較高的聚合物。
運(yùn)用聚合氯化鋁處理了造紙進(jìn)程由酸性改為中、堿性規(guī)模，紙漿中的陰離子雜質(zhì)的問(wèn)題，紙機(jī)操作以及紙質(zhì)量的一系列問(wèn)題，聚合氯化鋁帶有陽(yáng)電荷，可以有效的控制陰離子的作用，有利于紙張濾水性 改善，聚合氯化鋁極容易在纖維外表形成吸附，還可以將帶有負(fù)電荷的填料和纖維吸附，使細(xì)料的藏著率有效的提高，漿料的濾水功效得到進(jìn)一步的改善好的粘附力。由于以上性能PAM普遍應(yīng)用于絮凝、增稠、減阻、擬膠、粘結(jié)、阻垢等范疇 。
陰離子聚丙烯酰胺依據(jù)不同用處和用戶對(duì)產(chǎn)品性能的央求，可選用不同分子量運(yùn)用。
在工業(yè)廢水處置中，特別是關(guān)于懸浮顆粒、較粗、濃度高、粒子帶陽(yáng)電荷，水的PH值為中性工堿性的污水如鋼鐵廠廢水，電鍍廠廢水，冶金廢水，洗煤廢水等污水處置效果很好。
在飲用水處置。我國(guó)很多自來(lái)水廠的水源自江河泥少及礦物質(zhì)含量高，比擬混濁，雖經(jīng)過(guò)沉淀處置，但仍達(dá)不到央求，需求投加絮凝劑，才干使水質(zhì)變清，很多自來(lái)水廠采用無(wú)機(jī)絮凝劑，但投加量大，構(gòu)成污泥量增大效果不好，采用陰離子聚丙烯酰胺作絮凝劑，投加量是無(wú)機(jī)絮凝的50分之一但效果是無(wú)機(jī)絮凝劑的幾倍至幾十倍，特別是我公司消費(fèi)的聚丙烯酰胺，剩余單體已抵達(dá)食品級(jí)(小于0.05%)，接近國(guó)外先進(jìn)程度，對(duì)處置飲用水更為合適，關(guān)于有機(jī)物污染嚴(yán)重的江河水和陰離子聚丙烯酰胺配合運(yùn)用效果更好。
聚丙烯酰胺用作淀粉廠及酒精廠的流失淀粉及酒糟的回收。往常很多淀粉廠排出的廢水內(nèi)淀粉很高，排放之后影響環(huán)境，糜費(fèi)資源，投加PAM，使淀粉沉淀，沉淀物經(jīng)壓濾機(jī)壓濾變成餅類可作飼料，酒精廠大量的酒糟就是采用這種工藝加工的，黑龍江某酒精廠就是聚丙烯酰胺作絮凝劑，對(duì)酒糟中止回收的而且獲得了很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
聚丙烯酰胺用作油田調(diào)剖堵水的堵水劑，三次采油的驅(qū)油劑。
聚丙烯酰胺用作造紙助劑，PAM在造紙方面用處很普遍，可作為長(zhǎng)纖維造紙分散劑，干濕加強(qiáng)劑，助留，助濾劑及造紙廢水的絮凝劑等。
最新型的水處置劑聚丙烯酰胺，在很多場(chǎng)所處置污水和上水時(shí)，陰離子聚丙烯酰胺和陽(yáng)離子聚丙烯酰胺配合運(yùn)用要比單獨(dú)運(yùn)用一種離子型聚丙烯酰胺產(chǎn)生十分顯著和協(xié)同效應(yīng)，PAM對(duì)降低外表張力的才干要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于同條件下陽(yáng)離子或陰離子單獨(dú)存在的才干，為抵達(dá)降低外表張力的央求，需求同時(shí)運(yùn)用陰離子和陽(yáng)離子聚丙烯酰胺，便兩者如運(yùn)用不當(dāng)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生白色沉淀物，失去運(yùn)用效果 。而PAM具有兩性離子的特性，它能夠完成陰離子、陽(yáng)離子的配合協(xié)同作用，面沒(méi)有任何沉淀物的產(chǎn)生，特別是對(duì)水質(zhì)狀況比擬復(fù)雜或水的性質(zhì)經(jīng)常變化的，運(yùn)用PAM作為處置絮凝劑更為便當(dāng)，效果更好。
在污水預(yù)處置中采用的污泥取自以錢塘江水為水源的沉淀池，該水廠以聚合氯化鋁PAC為絮凝劑。污泥經(jīng)自然濃縮到含固率為2.7%～2.8%，經(jīng)測(cè)定，污泥中有機(jī)物含量為12.1%，sj如含量為52.1%，Al。含量為20.2%。 PAM有陽(yáng)離子型、陰離子型和非離子型三品種型。非離子型PAM溶解速度較慢，普通不用于污泥預(yù)處置，因而實(shí)驗(yàn)僅選用兩種有代表性的陽(yáng)離子聚丙烯酰胺和陰離子聚丙烯酰胺。陽(yáng)離子型PAM分子量1200萬(wàn)，丙烯酰胺單體含量0.012%。陰離子型PAM分子量1250萬(wàn)，丙烯酰胺單體含量0.013％。兩種PAM配制濃度均為0.05％%，冰箱冷藏24h后運(yùn)用。
(1)PAM預(yù)處置污泥取lOOml污泥，放入300ml的燒杯中，采用六聯(lián)攪拌機(jī)以1130rpm的轉(zhuǎn)速快 速攪拌30s后疾速投加～定量制備好的PAM，繼續(xù)以lOOrpm的轉(zhuǎn)速攪拌30s， 然后降低攪拌機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速到20～30rpm慢速攪拌60s促進(jìn)絮凝。分別測(cè)定預(yù)處置后污泥的比阻、毛細(xì)吸水時(shí)間(CST)、過(guò)濾液的粘度和離心液的粘度。
(2)比阻按考克力(Coackley)提出的實(shí)驗(yàn)辦法，采用布氏漏斗實(shí)驗(yàn)。布氏漏斗的直徑為80mm，濾紙采用由70mm定量中速濾紙，實(shí)驗(yàn)真空度控制為0.01MPa。實(shí)驗(yàn)反復(fù)3次取均勻值。
(3)為了降低比阻，進(jìn)步污泥脫水效果，在污泥脫水前普通均需對(duì)污泥中止預(yù)處置。污泥預(yù)處置的辦法有冰凍一凍結(jié)預(yù)處置、熱處置、酸處置、堿處置、石灰預(yù)處置和高分子絮凝劑預(yù)處置等，其中高分子絮凝劑聚丙烯酰胺(PAM) 預(yù)處置是目前國(guó)內(nèi)外采用最普遍的預(yù)處置辦法。
投加率的合理肯定對(duì)降低污泥預(yù)處置費(fèi)用相當(dāng)關(guān)鍵。對(duì)選擇聚丙烯酰胺的實(shí)驗(yàn)辦法的研討已展開多年，包括比阻、CST值、污泥流變性、分別液粘度、活動(dòng)電流等。The synthesis and process physical properties of AM polyacrylamide: PAM is prepared by direct reb of acrylonitrile with water under the b of framework copper catalyst, and then dried by ion exchange polymerization. The process is as follows: catalyst: catalytic hydration CH2 = CHCN + H2 humidity CH2 = CHCONH2 polymerization nCH2 = CHCONH2 - initiator - CH2CHCONH2
Industrial uses of polyacrylamide: Polyacrylamide (PAM) has high molecular weight, good water solubility, adjustable molecular weight, and can introduce various ionic groups to obtain specific properties. Low molecular weight is an effective additive or stabilizer for dispersing materials. High molecular weight is an important flocculant. It can produce hydrophilic and water-insoluble gel, which has good adhesion to many groups of surface and dissolved substances. Because of the above properties, PAM is widely used in flocculation, thickening, drag reduction, glue imitation, bonding, scale inhibition and other fields.
Anionic polyacrylamide can be used in different molecular weights according to different uses and user's requirements for product perbance.
In industrial wastewater treatment, especially for suspended particles, coarser, high concentration, positive charged particles, neutral and alkaline wastewater such as iron and steel plant wastewater, electroplating plant wastewater, bllurgical wastewater, coal washing wastewater and other wastewater treatment effect is very good.
In drinking water treatment. The water source of many Waterworks in our country is low in mud and high in mineral content, which is turbid. Although it has been treated by precipitation, it still can not meet the requirements. Flocculants are needed to make the water quality b. Many waterworks use inorganic flocculants, but the amount of inorganic flocculants is large, resulting in poor effect of sludge increase. Anionic polyacrylamide acrylamide monomer was 0.012%. The molecular weight of anionic PAM was 12.5 million and the content of acrylamide monomer was 0.013%. The concentration of two kinds of PAM is 0.05%. They are used after refrigeration for 24 hours.
(1) PAM pretreatment sludge takes lOml sludge and puts it into a 300 ml beaker. Six-unit mixers are used to mix at 1130 RPM speed for 30 seconds, and then the PAM is added to the sludge quickly and quantitatively. The PAM is stirred at lOOrpm speed for 30 seconds, then the speed of the mixer is reduced to 20-30 rpm and the slow stirring speed is 60 seconds to promote flocculation. The specific resistance of pretreated sludge, capillary water absorption time (CST), the viscosity of filtrate and the viscosity of centrifuge were measured.
(2) The specific resistance is tested by Brinell funnel according to the test b proposed by Coackley. The diameter of Brinell funnel is 80 mm. The filter paper is made of 70 mm medium speed filter paper. The vacuum degree of the test is controlled to 0.01 MPa. The experiment was repeated three times to get the average value.
(3) In order to reduce specific resistance and improve sludge dewatering effect, sludge should be pretreated before sludge dewatering. Sludge pretreatment bs include freeze-thaw pretreatment, heat treatment, acid treatment, alkali treatment, lime pretreatment and polymer flocculant pretreatment. Polymer flocculant polyacrylamide (PAM) pretreatment is the most widely used pretreatment b at home and abroad.
(5)實(shí)驗(yàn)研討標(biāo)明：投加陽(yáng)離子型和陰離子型PAM后污泥比阻都降低近2個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)，顯著改善了污泥的脫水性能。陰離子加率為0.3kg/T干污泥，陽(yáng)離子聚丙烯酰胺絮率為1.5kg/T于污泥，可見陰離子型PAM的投加率遠(yuǎn)小于陽(yáng)離子型PAM的投加率，且陰離子型PAM的價(jià)錢約是陽(yáng)離子型PAM價(jià)錢的1/2，故陰離子型PAM可作為自來(lái)水廠污泥預(yù)處置藥劑的首選。
(6)依據(jù)CST值變化肯定PAM最投加率與測(cè)定比阻得到的最投加率分歧。并且CST值與比阻之間存在線性相關(guān)關(guān)系，比阻值越大，CST值越大，因而能夠采用CST值來(lái)近似替代污泥比阻反映污泥的脫水性能。與比阻相比，cST值測(cè)定快速、煩瑣，不但適用于實(shí)驗(yàn)室研討，還可用于消費(fèi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，快速理解污泥脫水性能的變化，使操作人員及時(shí)調(diào)楚PAM投加率，儉省藥劑費(fèi)。is used as flocculant, and the dosage is inorganic flocculant. One fiftieth of the flocculants, but the effect is several times to dozens of times that of inorganic flocculants. Especially the polyacrylamide produced by our company, the residual monomers have reached the food grade (less than 0.05%), close to the advanced level abroad, non-toxic, more suitable for the treatment of drinking water, and better for the use of organic pollutants polluted river water and anionic polyacrylamide.
Polyacrylamide is used to recover lost starch and distiller's grains in starch and alcohol factories. At present, the starch in the waste water discharged by many starch factories is very high. After discharging, it affects the environment, wastes resources, and adds PAM to make starch precipitate. The precipitate is filtered by pressure filter to become cake and can be used as feed. A large number of distillers'grains in the alcohol factories are processed by this process. A certain alcohol factory in Heilongjiang Province uses polyacrylamide as flocculant, which recycles the distillers' grains and obtains a great deal of experience. Economic benefits.
Polyacrylamide is used as water shutoff agent for profile control and water shutoff in Oilfield and oil displacement agent for tertiary oil recovery.
Polyacrylamide is used as paper-making additive. PAM is widely used in paper-making. It can be used as long fiber paper-making dispersant, wet and dry reinforcing agent, retention aid, filter aid and flocculant of paper-making wastewater.
The latest type of water treatment agent polyacrylamide, when treating sewage and water in many occasions, the combination of anionic polyacrylamide and cationic polyacrylamide has a very significant and synergistic effect than using one kind of ionic polyacrylamide alone. The ability of PAM to reduce surface tension is much greater than the ability of cations or anions existing alone under the same conditions. For the requirement of low surface tension, both anionic and cationic polyacrylamide need to be used at the same time. If they are used improperly, white precipitates will be produced and the effect of using them will be lost. PAM has the characteristics of amphoteric ions. It can complete the coordination of anions and cations. There is no precipitate on the surface. Especially, it is more convenient to use PAM as a flocculant because of the complex water quality or the changeable nature of water.
The sludge used in sewage pretreatment is taken from the sedimentation tank with Qiantang River water as its source of water, and PAC is used as a flocculant in the water plant. The sludge was naturally concentrated to a solid content of 2.7%-2.8%. The organic matter content in the sludge was 12.1%, SJ content was 52.1%, Al content was determined. The content was 20.2%. There are three types of PAM: cationic, anionic and nonionic. Non-ionic PAM dissolves slowly and is generally not used for sludge pretreatment. Therefore, only two representative cationic polyacrylamides and anionic polyacrylamides are selected in the experiment. The molecular weight of cationic PAM was 12 million and the content of
(7)不管是陽(yáng)離子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝劑還是陰離子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝劑，隨著，濾液和離心液粘度都呈現(xiàn)與比阻和CST值類似的變化規(guī)律，呈現(xiàn)了明顯的最小值，而且該最小值對(duì)應(yīng)投加率與污泥比阻和CST值實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的分歧。該辦法斷定而且還有可能用作消費(fèi)上在線控制PAint最 佳投加率的參數(shù)，但其在消費(fèi)上的應(yīng)用還需做進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)研討。
陰離子溶液呢 根據(jù)多次實(shí)驗(yàn)和各個(gè)廠家的基本情況 總結(jié)一下 每噸污水需要溶液在少則2-3kg 多則3-5kg 這樣算來(lái) 處理一噸沙子只要是設(shè)備合適不浪費(fèi) 處理成本都在1元一下 低至0.3-0.5元 如果沙場(chǎng)選擇自然沉淀 不用壓濾機(jī)減少成本的話 一噸污水處理成本在0.1元左右 所以各位老板 這個(gè)成本價(jià)格是可以接受的
歡迎各個(gè)洗沙場(chǎng)老板來(lái)電咨詢 我們河南安家凈環(huán)保聚丙烯酰胺提高免費(fèi)試用 寄樣服務(wù) 聯(lián)系電話 15838356978 18838138890 Cost calculation of sewage treatment
Polyacrylamide anion is a necessary agent for pressure filtration and dehydration in the sand washing field of a sewage plant. The cost of PAM is the first consideration of many sand owners, including the use of sedimentation speed circulating water. It is known that the cost of producing a ton of sand is the one in the sand field. The larger the output is, the better the daily profit can be guaranteed Many sand market customers call to ask us how much the cost of handling a ton of sand is too high to bear. There is no profit
In this paper, Henan anjiajing environmental protection technical personnel summed up the
5.3億噸.其間工業(yè)廢水達(dá)成協(xié)議5.5億噸. 這些廢水絕大部分未經(jīng)處理就直接排放, 污染了江河湖海. 水污染的危害是不是顯而易見的.水體污染,水質(zhì)惡化對(duì)人體健康和人類日子,出產(chǎn)都帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的危害. Over the years, polyaluminium chloride has developed into a flocculant with mature technology and large market sales, and has gradually replaced the traditional flocculant. Western European countries began to produce polyaluminium chloride as flocculant for industrial sewage treatment in 1976, and the United States and Canada approved its use in urban water supply and industrial sewage treatment in 1983. Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is a commonly used coagulant in water treatment. Its water treatment effect is remarkable, and it plays an important role in drinking water and industrial sewage purification. The content of polyaluminium chloride is 26%, 28% and 30%. The content of polyaluminium chloride is different, the use is different, and the corresponding price of polyaluminium chloride is also differ
