LEUZE KSS ET-M12-4A-RJ45-A-P7-050 控制器
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LEUZE KSS ET-M12-4A-RJ45-A-P7-050 控制器
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LEUZE KSS ET-M12-4A-RJ45-A-P7-050 控制器
控制器是自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中不可或缺的組成部分。它通過接收來自傳感器或其他設(shè)備的輸入信號(hào),并根據(jù)預(yù)設(shè)的控制策略或算法,產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的輸出信號(hào),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)被控對(duì)象的精確控制??刂破鲝V泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)、交通、家居等領(lǐng)域,能夠提高系統(tǒng)的效率和穩(wěn)定性,減少能源浪費(fèi),增強(qiáng)安全性和便利性。隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展,控制器的智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化將成為未來發(fā)展的重要趨勢(shì)。控制系統(tǒng)就是控制器,概括地說就是一個(gè)系統(tǒng),它將監(jiān)督電機(jī)及電路的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)等各種有用的信號(hào)進(jìn)行采樣及分析,然后轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭刂浦噶罨蛘弑Wo(hù)指令。對(duì)電動(dòng)自行車控制器而言,便是將給定的電機(jī)速度信號(hào)、轉(zhuǎn)子位置信號(hào)及定子的電壓、電流反饋信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭刂菩盘?hào)或者保護(hù)指令,進(jìn)而監(jiān)督電機(jī)控制電路的運(yùn)行狀態(tài);采樣及對(duì)比分析并將信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭刂浦噶?,從而控制電機(jī)的啟動(dòng)或停止、加速或減速等運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。
在以單M CU為核心的嵌入式系統(tǒng)中,MCU 的最小系統(tǒng)就是典型的核心構(gòu)件。中間構(gòu)件既有需求接口又有提供接口;而終端構(gòu)件只有需求接口,因此只能接受服務(wù)。利用硬件構(gòu)件進(jìn)行嵌入式系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)之前,必須進(jìn)行硬件構(gòu)件的合理劃分,按照一定規(guī)則,設(shè)計(jì)與系統(tǒng)目標(biāo)功能無關(guān)的的構(gòu)建個(gè)體,然后進(jìn)行組裝,完成具體系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)。
本設(shè)計(jì)選的外接電源是七組串聯(lián)鋰電池,其采用安全系數(shù)高的錳酸鋰電池,經(jīng)過國家法定機(jī)構(gòu)充電放電、短路、跌路、加熱、擠壓、針刺等6大實(shí)驗(yàn),達(dá)到國家863范圍要求,并采用銅薄膜防爆閥,從根本上解決了鋰電池易爆易燃的問題。這款電池最大輸出電壓為29.6V。為使系統(tǒng)正常工作,需要將電壓轉(zhuǎn)換為15V 和5V。其中15V電源主要用于功率MOS管自舉升壓驅(qū)動(dòng)電路。5V電源則為MOS管驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、主控芯片、線性霍爾轉(zhuǎn)把、高低壓剎把及保護(hù)電路模塊提供穩(wěn)定的電源。在電源通往各模塊間,大量使用了二極管來保證控制器的穩(wěn)定性。
過零檢測(cè)的及時(shí)性和準(zhǔn)確性影響著電機(jī)的運(yùn)行,當(dāng)過零檢測(cè)不準(zhǔn)或著不及時(shí)時(shí),則電機(jī)因?yàn)槿毕喽秳?dòng),嚴(yán)重的或造成短時(shí)間短路而燒壞控制器。因此在硬件上采用LM339 高速比較器來采樣截至相的感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)和總線中點(diǎn)電壓進(jìn)行比較,使用 MCU的輸入捕捉功能來捕捉輸出信號(hào)。電動(dòng)自行車控制器是用來控制電動(dòng)自行車電機(jī)的啟動(dòng)、運(yùn)行、進(jìn)退、速度、停止以及電動(dòng)自行車的其它電子器件的核心控制器件,它就像是電動(dòng)自行車的大腦,是電動(dòng)自行車上重要的部件。電機(jī)控制器是無刷直流電機(jī)正常運(yùn)行并實(shí)現(xiàn)各種調(diào)速控制功能的指揮中心,它主要完成以下任務(wù):對(duì)各種輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行邏輯綜合,為驅(qū)動(dòng)電路提供各種控制信號(hào);產(chǎn)生PWM脈寬調(diào)制信號(hào),實(shí)現(xiàn)電機(jī)的調(diào)速;對(duì)電機(jī)進(jìn)行速度環(huán)和電流環(huán)調(diào)節(jié),使系統(tǒng)具有較好的動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)性能;實(shí)現(xiàn)短路、過流、欠壓等一些故障保護(hù)功能。
電動(dòng)車控制器簡(jiǎn)略地講是由周邊器件和主芯片(或單片機(jī))組成。周邊器件是一些功能器件,如執(zhí)行、采樣等,它們是電阻、傳感器、橋式開關(guān)電路,以及輔助單片機(jī)或?qū)S眉呻娐吠瓿煽刂七^程的器件;單片機(jī)也稱微控制器,是在一塊集成片上把存貯器、有變換信號(hào)語言的譯碼器、鋸齒波發(fā)生器和脈寬調(diào)制功能電路以及能使開關(guān)電路功率管導(dǎo)通或截上、通過方波控制功率管的的導(dǎo)誦時(shí)間以控制電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、輸入輸出端口等集成在一起,而構(gòu)成的計(jì)算機(jī)片。這就是電動(dòng)自行車的智能控制器電動(dòng)車的工作原理主要是依靠其控制器來協(xié)調(diào)電機(jī)、電池等其他配件進(jìn)行工作。在電動(dòng)車的控制器行業(yè),高標(biāo)控制器在市場(chǎng)上占有率始終穩(wěn)居行業(yè)第一。電動(dòng)車控制器的基本原理是在電池電壓基本恒定的條件下,采用斷續(xù)供電的方法,改變電機(jī)供電電壓的平均值,來控制電機(jī)速度、電流的大小。使得電機(jī)的 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)符合控制要求,目前主要采取的控制方法是 PWM脈寬調(diào)制控制機(jī)理(注:在所需的時(shí)間內(nèi),將直流電壓調(diào)制成等幅不等寬的系列電壓脈沖,以達(dá)到控制頻率、電壓、電流的目的)。電動(dòng)車控制器是借助 PWM 電路來控制電機(jī)輸出功率的,實(shí)現(xiàn)開關(guān)調(diào)制作用的是高頻開關(guān)功率器件 MOS 管,用它來做執(zhí)行高頻斬波斷續(xù)供電的開關(guān),從而有效地解決了電機(jī)的速度和電流的操控性。
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LEUZE KSS ET-M12-4A-RJ45-A-P7-050
LEUZE IS 108 MM/4NO-4N0
Leuze HRTR 46B/66-S-S12
LEUZE MS 34 103
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Leuze IS 212MM/4NO-8N0
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Leuze ET328.3/2N
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