R912002618
1.概述
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,PLC在工業(yè)控制中的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。PLC控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性直接影響到工業(yè)企業(yè)的安全生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟運行,系統(tǒng)的抗干擾能力是關(guān)系到整個系統(tǒng)可靠運行的關(guān)鍵。自動化系統(tǒng)中所使用的各種類型PLC,有的是集中安裝在控制室,有的是安裝在生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場和各電機設(shè)備上,它們大多處在強電電路和強電設(shè)備所形成的惡劣電磁環(huán)境中。要提高PLC控制系統(tǒng)可靠性,設(shè)計人員只有預(yù)先了解各種干擾才能有效保證系統(tǒng)可靠運行。
2.電磁干擾源及對系統(tǒng)的干擾是什么?
影響PLC控制系統(tǒng)的干擾源于一般影響工業(yè)控制設(shè)備的干擾源一樣,大都產(chǎn)生在電流或電壓劇烈變化的部位,這些電荷劇烈移動的部位就是噪聲源,即干擾源。
干擾類型通常按干擾產(chǎn)生的原因、噪聲的干擾模式和噪聲的波形性質(zhì)的不同劃分。其中:按噪聲產(chǎn)生的原因不同,分為放電噪聲、浪涌噪聲、高頻振蕩噪聲等;按噪聲的波形、性質(zhì)不同,分為持續(xù)噪聲、偶發(fā)噪聲等;按聲音干擾模式不同,分為共模干擾和差模干擾。共模干擾和差模干擾是一種比較常用的分類方法。共模干擾是信號對地面的電位差,主要由電網(wǎng)串入、地電位差及空間電磁輻射在信號線上感應(yīng)的共態(tài)(同方向)電壓送加所形成。共模電壓有時較大,特別是采用隔離性能差的電器供電室,變送器輸出信號的共模電壓普遍較高,有的可高達130V以上。共模電壓通過不對稱電路可轉(zhuǎn)換成差模電壓,直接影響測控信號,造成元器件損壞(這就是一些系統(tǒng)I/O模件損壞率較高的原因),這種共模干擾可為直流、亦可為交流。差模干擾是指用于信號兩極間得干擾電壓,主要由空間電磁場在信號間耦合感應(yīng)及由不平衡電路轉(zhuǎn)換共模干擾所形成的電壓,這種讓直接疊加在信號上,直接影響測量與控制精度。
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