04-000065-61
（5）來自接地系統(tǒng)混亂時的干擾
接地是提高電子設(shè)備電磁兼容性（EMC）的有效手段之一。正確的接地，既能抑制電磁干擾的影響，又能抑制設(shè)備向外發(fā)出干擾；而錯誤的接地，反而會引入嚴(yán)重的干擾信號，使PLC系統(tǒng)將無法正常工作。PLC控制系統(tǒng)的地線包括系統(tǒng)地、屏蔽地、交流地和保護(hù)地等。接地系統(tǒng)混亂對PLC系統(tǒng)的干擾主要是各個接地點(diǎn)電位分布不均，不同接地點(diǎn)間存在地電位差，引起地環(huán)路電流，影響系統(tǒng)正常工作。例如電纜屏蔽層必須一點(diǎn)接地，如果電纜屏蔽層兩端A、B都接地，就存在地電位差，有電流流過屏蔽層，當(dāng)發(fā)生異常狀態(tài)加雷擊時，地線電流將更大。
此外，屏蔽層、接地線和大地有可能構(gòu)成閉合環(huán)路，在變化磁場的作用下，屏蔽層內(nèi)有會出現(xiàn)感應(yīng)電流，通過屏蔽層與芯線之間的耦合，干擾信號回路。若系統(tǒng)地與其它接地處理混亂，所產(chǎn)生的地環(huán)流可能在地線上產(chǎn)生不等電位分布，影響PLC內(nèi)邏輯電路和模擬電路的正常工作。PLC工作的邏輯電壓干擾容限較低，邏輯地電位的分布干擾容易影響PLC的邏輯運(yùn)算和數(shù)據(jù)存儲，造成數(shù)據(jù)混亂、程序跑飛或死機(jī)。模擬地電位的分布將導(dǎo)致測量精度下降，引起對信號測控的嚴(yán)重失真和誤動作。
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