2 TFM3.1-020-300-W1-220主電路拓撲
2.1 拓撲選擇
TFM3.1-020-300-W1-220準單級式反激逆變器僅有一級的功率變換[4]，拓撲簡單，尤其適合低成本應(yīng)用場合的要求。在斷續(xù)模式（DCM）及臨界連續(xù)模式（BCM）下，其呈現(xiàn)電流源特性，控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計簡單，市目前光伏微逆變器的理想拓撲。由于反激變換器輸出功率有限，在微逆變器系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，這里采取如圖1所示交錯并聯(lián)技術(shù)：將兩路反激變換器輸入并聯(lián)，輸出并聯(lián)，原邊的主管交錯180度導通以減小輸入輸出電流紋波，同時公用一組輸出極性翻轉(zhuǎn)橋；考慮到反激變壓器漏感的存在，進一步采取有源鉗位技術(shù)回收漏感，并實現(xiàn)了主管和輔助管的ZVS，有效減小開關(guān)損耗，提高了電路效率。
1.jpg
圖1 交錯并聯(lián)反激型微逆變器拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)
TFM3.1-020-300-W1-220此時光伏組件經(jīng)過反激變換器主開關(guān)SPWM高頻調(diào)制，得到包絡(luò)線為單極性工頻正弦半波的輸出電流。交流側(cè)的工頻換向橋驅(qū)動時序跟蹤電網(wǎng)電壓，將前面的單極性工頻正弦半波翻轉(zhuǎn)為正弦波并網(wǎng)電流，與電網(wǎng)電壓同頻同相。
2.2工作模式分析
TFM3.1-020-300-W1-220根據(jù)變壓器的磁通是否連續(xù)，可將反激變換器的工作模式分為電感電流連續(xù)模式（CCM）、DCM及BCM 3種。CCM模式下反激逆變器相對穩(wěn)定性較差，需要妥善處理。目前主流的反激逆變器以DCM及BCM為主，但由于在BCM模式下，需要采用變頻控制，計算和控制都較為復(fù)雜，因此這里采用DCM。相對BCM及CCM，DCM的優(yōu)點是恒頻工作，控制簡單，且消除了次級二極管反向恢復(fù)問題；缺點是相比CCM此時勵磁電感較小，器件峰值電流應(yīng)力較大。
TFM3.1-020-300-W1-220為確保變換器工作在DCM，需其初級電感Lp即勵磁電感小于臨界連續(xù)電感值。定義工頻周期Tgrid是高頻開關(guān)周期的2k倍，定義dp為最大占空比，由于輸入電流大小和占空比成正比，因此每個開關(guān)周期的占空比也是正弦脈絡(luò)dpsin(iπ/k)，則變壓器原邊電流idc的平均值為：
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