485A2應(yīng)用的RS-485多機(jī)通信的典型接線(xiàn)圖以及485A2 產(chǎn)品圖，TBM1.2-40-W1-0如果串口設(shè)備只有RS-485口則可以配接485A2 。若每一段RS-485的距離為1200米和128個(gè)，則整個(gè)RS-485系統(tǒng)的距離達(dá)到（N?1200米）、節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)達(dá)到（N?128）?？梢钥闯?，使用了485A2的RS-485總線(xiàn)布線(xiàn)極其簡(jiǎn)潔。最遠(yuǎn)兩端可以用485A，也可以用485A2。注意整個(gè)RS-485系統(tǒng)共用GND線(xiàn)。
2、RS-485多機(jī)通信節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)的極限
TBM1.2-40-W1-0假設(shè)RS-485通信的地址編碼為8位，那么最多的節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)就是2^8=256;假設(shè)RS-485通信的地址編碼為10位，那么最多的節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)就是2^10=1024。10位已經(jīng)多到極少用到。這個(gè)總線(xiàn)中的RS-485節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)的極限完全取決于通信軟件 ，與總線(xiàn)中所接的RS-485中繼轉(zhuǎn)換器個(gè)數(shù)沒(méi)有關(guān)系。實(shí)際上，因?yàn)槭躌S-485接口芯片性能的限制，每一段RS-485目前最多接128個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，所以要達(dá)到256個(gè)的極限就得至少接一個(gè)485A2中繼轉(zhuǎn)換器，要達(dá)到1024極限就要至少8個(gè)485A2中繼轉(zhuǎn)換器。
3、TBM1.2-40-W1-0完全失敗的RS-485通信距離的理論極限
TBM1.2-40-W1-0 假設(shè)波特率為9600bps，就是每秒9600位。每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)有1個(gè)起始位、8個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)位、1個(gè)校驗(yàn)位、1個(gè)停止位，一共11位。也就是傳輸一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)（1byte）的時(shí)間是11/9600=0.001145s。在這個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)電磁波的傳輸距離（也就是光速為299792458m/s ）為343512米，即343.5千米。
如果電信號(hào)的電磁波延時(shí)達(dá)到0.001145s（大約1.25ms），那么就會(huì)延時(shí)到錯(cuò)位一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)，這樣就無(wú)法正常通信。怎么理解？在某一時(shí)刻主機(jī)以9600bps同時(shí)向所有從機(jī)發(fā)送一組信號(hào)（比如ABCD），從機(jī)都立即響應(yīng)回答數(shù)據(jù)，注意在9600bps下沒(méi)傳一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間差為1.25ms，也就是發(fā)A比發(fā)B早1.25ms，發(fā)B比發(fā)C早1.25ms……。那么主機(jī)收到的最遠(yuǎn)的節(jié)點(diǎn)的回答A的數(shù)據(jù)與1.25ms后最近的節(jié)點(diǎn)回答B(yǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)重疊，這樣就無(wú)法通信。
TBM1.2-40-W1-0也就是RS-485的理論傳輸?shù)淖钸h(yuǎn)距離在9600bps時(shí)只有大約343512米。假設(shè)每1200米進(jìn)行一次中繼，343512/1200=286，也就是說(shuō)要達(dá)到RS-485的理論極限，需要至少286次中繼延長(zhǎng)。
4、無(wú)誤碼的RS-485通信距離的理論極限
TBM1.2-40-W1-0并非只有當(dāng)整個(gè)11位數(shù)據(jù)完全重疊時(shí)才無(wú)法通信，實(shí)際上只要有1位錯(cuò)位存在誤碼就不好。雖然有時(shí)候軟件有一定糾錯(cuò)功能，容許存在一定程度的誤碼情況下也可以傳輸數(shù)據(jù)，但是我們還是要弄清楚無(wú)誤碼的極限。
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