KULICKE & SOFFA 01483-4204-000-08近幾年來，變頻節(jié)能技術兗州礦區(qū)的地面和井下提升、通風、采煤、運輸、選煤等各種礦山設備控制系統(tǒng)得到了廣泛的應用，對國內同行具有很好的參考價值。
一、KULICKE & SOFFA 01483-4204-000-08在提升系統(tǒng)應用
1、礦用提升機變頻調速控制的特殊功能
兗州礦業(yè)（集團）公司南屯煤礦通過對礦用提升機變頻調速控制的研究，使其特殊功能得到正常應用，取得了良好的效。
①直流制動的作用。當重車需在井筒中間停車時，變頻器由高速平滑地降到低速，隨之施加一個直流制動信號使提升機停止，機械制動起作用后方可去掉直流制動信號，使重車靠機械抱閘的作用停在中間。啟動時先對電機施加一個直流制動信號，當檢測到機械抱閘打開方可去掉直流制動信號，加上啟動電壓，提升機轉動。機械抱閘抱緊狀態(tài)一直在變頻器檢測下，一旦機械抱閘打開馬上給電機施加直流制動信號，確保避免重車“溜勾”現(xiàn)象。
②S形速度曲線。為減少運行的機械沖擊，在變頻器啟動與停止過程中最好做到加速度是連續(xù)的，即S形加、減速曲線。當井下及井口停車傾角很小時，要求提升機運行速度很低，否則會出現(xiàn)“松繩”現(xiàn)象。另外，井筒罐道要求變頻器能以不同頻率工作。根據(jù)現(xiàn)場情況，變頻器可設置5個頻率段主令控制器的不同位置對應不同的直流控制電壓，即對應不同的運行頻率。
③KULICKE & SOFFA 01483-4204-000-08自動限速保護。當運行接近終點時給出一個減速信號，接到此減速信號后，如主令控制器已操作減速，則變頻器按主令控制器的操作改變運行速度；若收到減速信號后主令控制器沒有正常操作，則自動啟動機內的自動減速程序，將變頻器工作頻率按預定要求逐步改變?yōu)榈退龠\行。這對于預防“過卷”是十分必要的。此外，當提升機帶有測速發(fā)電機給出超速信號時，變頻器也能自動減速。
④連鎖開機功能。提升機開機須按給出命令操作。當給出“上行”或者“下行”命令的時候，如人員操作與命令不符，連鎖功能就對此操作不響應，變頻器不啟動。連鎖功能是保證安全運行的重要措施。
⑤對再生能量的處理。變頻器的主回路采用雙向逆變方案。
2、KULICKE & SOFFA 01483-4204-000-08井下絞車電控系統(tǒng)變頻技術應用
兗州礦業(yè)（集團）公司興隆莊煤礦在十采區(qū)JBT-2×1.8絞車電控系統(tǒng)成功采用變頻技術。其設計滿足《煤礦安全規(guī)程》、GB3836.1-4-2000《防爆規(guī)程》、GB50070-1994《礦山電力設計規(guī)范》、《煤礦提升絞車安全檢驗規(guī)范》、JB4263-2000 《交流傳動礦井提升機電控設備技術條件》、JB8516-1997《礦用提升機和礦用提升絞車安全要求》、MT/T834-1999《煤礦用提升信號裝置通用技術條件》等要求，使絞車運行系統(tǒng)得以優(yōu)化。
電控系統(tǒng)和保護系統(tǒng)采用變頻調速技術，輸入電源660V、50Hz，電壓允許波動范圍－15%～＋10%，允許頻率波動范圍±2.5%，輸出功率200kW，輸出頻率0～50Hz連續(xù)可調。過載能力強，在負載變化為－120%～＋120%額定負載時能滿足四象限運行要求；低頻運轉時，有自動轉矩提升功能，能保證100%額定轉矩；有過壓、欠壓、過流、斷相和功率元件過熱等保護。
控制箱采用快開門方式，電氣控制采用雙PLC全數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)，兩套PLC與硬件電路互相冗余完成絞車提升控制與數(shù)字監(jiān)控，同時在PLC故障時能分別完成臨時應急提升。控制系統(tǒng)配備正常操作而設置的各種保護，其中的防止過卷裝置、過速裝置、限速裝置和減速功能保護設置為相互獨立的雙線形式。系統(tǒng)還具有各種保護試驗功能。聲光信號與控制回路具有閉鎖功能，未發(fā)信號不能開車，發(fā)出信號的時間次數(shù)記憶不少于30天。深度指示采用數(shù)字顯示，能準確清楚顯示出礦車在巷道中運行位置。深度指示一旦失效能迅速斷電停車。絞車控制具有手動、自動、檢修運行及遠程控制等操作方式。檢修時能手動操作，運行速度0.3～0.5m/s，操作方便可靠。變頻器采用模塊式結構，出現(xiàn)故障時能方便查找故障點并及時進行更換，維修簡單。操作臺除有正常的各種操作開關與按鈕外，還有深度、速度、電壓、電流、油壓和溫度等指示，比較直觀。
二、KULICKE & SOFFA 01483-4204-000-08礦井主扇風機實現(xiàn)自動化調頻控制
兗州礦業(yè)（集團）公司楊村煤礦和山東省煤炭科學研究所將可編程序控制器成功應用于該礦南、北風井主扇風機自動化變頻系統(tǒng)，與國內使用單片機、工控機進行改造的類似項目相比，無論是可靠性還是參數(shù)變更靈活性都具有不可比擬的優(yōu)越性。
1、此項成果的主要功能如下
①系統(tǒng)自動化控制。PLC接到運行指令時，判斷運行機號和運行方式。若為低頻方式則驅動低頻接觸器吸合，延時0.4s發(fā)出變頻器運行令，電機啟動至設定頻率風門絞車開啟扇風機進風門，前導器執(zhí)行機構打開扇風機前導器，使扇風機進入工作狀態(tài)。若為工頻方式則控制風機降壓啟動，當啟動電流降至設定值時停掉降壓啟動接觸器，吸合運行主接觸器，風機轉入全速運行狀態(tài)，30s后風門及前導器自動打開。
②風量閉環(huán)控制。風機低頻運行時，風量由給定信號控制。該信號與風量傳感器反饋信號同時進入PLC的A/D模塊，經CPU比較調節(jié)后，輸出信號由D/A模塊送至變頻器頻率設定接口，調節(jié)變頻器輸出頻率，從而改變風機轉速。
③風機低頻故障轉換。PLC在風機低頻運行中自動檢測變頻器運行情況，變頻器出現(xiàn)高中時自動切除低頻系統(tǒng)使風機轉入工頻運行。
④電機過流保護。電機變送器將主回路電路電流信號轉換后送入CPU內部功能存貯器，CPU在每個掃描周期將該數(shù)據(jù)與內部電流設定值比較，超過設定值即進行保護。
⑤KULICKE & SOFFA 01483-4204-000-08風門行程精確控制。PLC開閉風機風門時，安裝在風門絞車主軸上的軸編碼器將風門行程轉換為數(shù)據(jù)信號送至高速記數(shù)模塊，待其譯為BCD碼后存入內部存儲器，CPU在每個掃描周期將BCD數(shù)據(jù)與行程設定值比較，超出設定值即停車。
----商務熱線---廈門興銳達自動化設備有限公司
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