MAC112D-2-HD-3C/130-A-0從全球制造業(yè)第一大國(guó)躍升至制造業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)需要多久？按照今年5月印發(fā)的《中國(guó)制造2025》所勾勒的戰(zhàn)略藍(lán)圖與升級(jí)時(shí)間表，只需十年。在這份被譽(yù)為中國(guó)版“工業(yè)4.0”的文件中，中國(guó)將力爭(zhēng)在十年內(nèi)邁入制造強(qiáng)國(guó)行列，并在建國(guó)百年時(shí)躋身世界制造強(qiáng)國(guó)前列。如今，這一文件落地?cái)?shù)月，但對(duì)于許多剛完成了自動(dòng)化的制造業(yè)企業(yè)而言，智能制造還只是一個(gè)愿景，道阻且長(zhǎng)。
興趣強(qiáng)烈，卻理解不足
“MAC112D-2-HD-3C/130-A-0感興趣的客戶很多，他們有這個(gè)需求也有預(yù)算，但現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題是客戶對(duì)自己的需求認(rèn)識(shí)并不清晰，我們需要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間幫助他們?cè)\斷，現(xiàn)狀如何、有哪些問(wèn)題、發(fā)展智慧工廠應(yīng)該從哪兒入手，這是個(gè)復(fù)雜的過(guò)程?！痹诮张e行的2015上海國(guó)際汽車制造技術(shù)與裝備及材料展上，宜科（天津）電子有限公司總經(jīng)理張?chǎng)螌?duì)澎湃新聞坦言，相比于德國(guó)企業(yè)清晰的升級(jí)目標(biāo)，國(guó)內(nèi)很多企業(yè)對(duì)工業(yè)4.0與智能制造雖然很感興趣，但往往并不確切理解這些詞的深刻涵義，“像一汽大眾這類企業(yè)，可以明確羅列出需求。但很多客戶不僅需求不清，連某種需求能不能實(shí)現(xiàn)都還是個(gè)問(wèn)號(hào)?！?br />
MAC112D-2-HD-3C/130-A-0正如“中國(guó)制造2025”常被視作以“德國(guó)工業(yè)4.0”為鏡一樣，在國(guó)內(nèi)方興未艾的智慧工廠概念同樣源自歐美工業(yè)界，典型案例便是德國(guó)工業(yè)界領(lǐng)頭羊西門(mén)子在本土建立的安貝格電子工廠，以及在四川成都的安貝格姊妹工廠。在德國(guó)“工業(yè)4.0”戰(zhàn)略報(bào)告中，智能工廠意味著人類、機(jī)器和資源能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)互相通信，就像社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)中一樣自然。智能產(chǎn)品“知道”它們?nèi)绾伪恢圃斐鰜?lái)的細(xì)節(jié)，也知道它們的用途。
從清華大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)系畢業(yè)后，張?chǎng)卧暗聡?guó)“傳統(tǒng)理工三強(qiáng)”達(dá)姆施塔特工業(yè)大學(xué)留學(xué)，畢業(yè)后進(jìn)入德國(guó)工業(yè)自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域，留德五年后于1990年代初回國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)。他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的這家企業(yè)從研制工業(yè)自動(dòng)化控制產(chǎn)品起家，目前正致力于為客戶提供智慧工廠及智能制造解決方案。
從西門(mén)子數(shù)字化工廠絡(luò)繹不絕的參觀者上便可看出國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)對(duì)智能工廠極高的興致。和張?chǎng)我粯涌春眠@門(mén)生意的，并不在少數(shù)。智能制造、工業(yè)4.0是他們介紹資料中共有的關(guān)鍵詞，而其對(duì)智慧工廠的理念拆解，也與西門(mén)子等德企十分相似。
據(jù)張?chǎng)谓榻B，上市公司、大型國(guó)企或行業(yè)領(lǐng)軍企業(yè)往往對(duì)智能制造欲望更強(qiáng)?！暗渲杏性S多傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)，可能還在2.0和3.0之間，現(xiàn)在說(shuō)要去做4.0，跨度還比較大?！?br />
投資動(dòng)力何來(lái)？
MAC112D-2-HD-3C/130-A-0博世力士樂(lè)是除西門(mén)子之外另一個(gè)德國(guó)工業(yè)4.0計(jì)劃的積極參與者。在博世力士樂(lè)中國(guó)工廠自動(dòng)化業(yè)務(wù)部門(mén)銷售副總裁劉天鵬看來(lái)，德國(guó)工業(yè)4.0與中國(guó)制造2025的覆蓋范圍并不一致，前者的外延更廣?！暗聡?guó)工業(yè)4.0注重整個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的設(shè)計(jì)與提升，中國(guó)制造2025提出的只是工業(yè)4.0的環(huán)節(jié)之一——工廠環(huán)節(jié)的智能制造?！?br />
“MAC112D-2-HD-3C/130-A-0之前我去見(jiàn)客戶，很多人會(huì)混淆自動(dòng)化和工業(yè)4.0，其實(shí)這是兩個(gè)概念。中國(guó)制造2025不代表高度自動(dòng)化，工業(yè)4.0是在有一定自動(dòng)化制造業(yè)基礎(chǔ)上，整合流程、降低成本。”劉天鵬說(shuō)，“怎么把人更好地融入到生產(chǎn)線才是關(guān)鍵，這也是工業(yè)4.0的關(guān)鍵。核心是人，而不是機(jī)器。對(duì)于那些還在制造業(yè)2.0徘徊的企業(yè)，可能要花3-5年去改變思維，再花3-5年的時(shí)間升級(jí)設(shè)備?！?br />
MAC112D-2-HD-3C/130-A-0認(rèn)為中國(guó)企業(yè)還處于消化智能制造理念過(guò)程中的，還有來(lái)自德國(guó)的林德曼?！爸袊?guó)客戶目前并沒(méi)有對(duì)我們提出關(guān)于德國(guó)工業(yè)4.0的產(chǎn)品要求。我覺(jué)得這個(gè)理念還停留在企業(yè)管理層的階段，未來(lái)五年，才會(huì)從管理層慢慢延伸到產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)?！蓖欤ㄖ袊?guó)）有限公司銷售副總經(jīng)理林德曼（Markus Lindemann）在前述展會(huì)上對(duì)澎湃新聞稱。該企業(yè)的母公司德國(guó)通快激光集團(tuán)是全球最大的激光企業(yè)，林德曼被派駐上海開(kāi)拓中國(guó)市場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)五年時(shí)間。
在談及在華五年的經(jīng)歷時(shí)，林德曼說(shuō)：“我覺(jué)得其實(shí)中國(guó)的客戶沒(méi)有變，變的是德國(guó)。比如，中國(guó)客戶非?？粗貎r(jià)格，有時(shí)在比較兩個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者時(shí)，他們并不仔細(xì)研究機(jī)器的配置和先進(jìn)程度?？吹絻蓚€(gè)價(jià)格，就會(huì)挑更便宜的那個(gè)。在中國(guó)積累了幾年銷售經(jīng)驗(yàn)后，德國(guó)企業(yè)的思路也有所變動(dòng)，既然你看重價(jià)格，我們也可以給你提供最便宜的價(jià)格，但是這個(gè)價(jià)格對(duì)應(yīng)的是最基礎(chǔ)的配置。這個(gè)策略迎合了中國(guó)市場(chǎng)，經(jīng)過(guò)幾年的發(fā)展，也被證明是非常成功的?！?br />
對(duì)于這點(diǎn)，張?chǎng)胃型硎埽骸爸械缕髽I(yè)家在理念上相差很大。中國(guó)企業(yè)家可能把產(chǎn)值、利潤(rùn)看得更重一點(diǎn)。兩國(guó)的人才教育理念也差異極大。”
看重利潤(rùn)的另一面，是對(duì)升級(jí)成本的高度敏感。對(duì)智能制造理解的模糊、對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)型成本的敏感，都會(huì)阻滯中國(guó)部分制造企業(yè)繼續(xù)升級(jí)的腳步，尤其對(duì)于那些剛剛完成自動(dòng)化的企業(yè)而言，或許并不具備太多動(dòng)力去成為“中國(guó)制造2025”的推動(dòng)者。
MAC112D-2-HD-3C/130-A-0《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》雜志最近發(fā)了一篇題為《依舊中國(guó)制造》的文章，該文援引咨詢公司貝恩（Bain）的戴加輝（Stephen Dyer）的評(píng)價(jià)稱，《中國(guó)制造2025》中那些更適度的目標(biāo)可能會(huì)成功。該計(jì)劃的近期目標(biāo)是提高質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)率和數(shù)字化，并擴(kuò)大數(shù)控機(jī)床的使用。戴加輝指出，所有這些已經(jīng)在其他國(guó)家的世界一流制造企業(yè)里廣泛使用。推動(dòng)投資也許很有助于中國(guó)的后進(jìn)企業(yè)奮起直追。但在看到商業(yè)利益之前，
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MAC112D-2-HD-3C/130-A-0
MAC112D-0-ED-4-C/130-A-1/WI520LV/S005
MAC112D-0ED-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LV/S005
MAC112C-2-ED-4-C/130-A-2/WI520LV/S018
MAC112D-0-ED-3-C/130-A-2/S018
MAC112D-0-ED-1-B/130-A-0/J625/S05
MAC112C-0-HD-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LX/S005
MAC112C-0-ED-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LV/S005
MAC112D-0-ED-1-C/130-A-0/S05/J625
MAC112C-0-HD-3-C/130-B-0/S005
MAC112D-0-ED-4-C/130-B-2/WI522LV/S018
MAC112C-0-ED-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LV/S005
MAC90C-0-GD-3C/110-A-O-S001
MAC112C-1-HD-3-C/130-A-0
MAC112D-O-ED4
3HAA0001-YG CABL.UPPER.NO CUST-CONN.
3HAA0001-YH Cabl.upper.Front c-conn.
3HAA0001-YM Lower cabel
3HAA0001-YN LOWER CABLE,FRONT C-CONN.
3HAA0001-YP LOWER CABLE SHELF,C-CONN.
3HAA0001-YR Cablage axis 5
3HAA0001-YS Cablage axis 5
3HAA0001-YT Cable axis 6
3HAA0001-YU Cable axis 6
3HAA0001-YV SIGNAL CABLE
3HAA0001-YX CABLE MOTOR 2
3HAA0001-YY XCABLE MOTOR 3
3HAA0001-ZB COVER
3HAA0001-ZH MOTOR AX.4,5
3HAA0001-ZK COVER WITH GASKET
3HAA1001-100 Damper axis 4
3HAA1001-101 Damper Axis 5
3HAA1001-102 Stop axis 4, Upper arm
3HAA1001-103 Spacer
3HAA1001-104 Bracket for sync. plate
3HAA1001-106 Washer
3HAA1001-107 Shaft
3HAA1001-108 Spacer
3HAA1001-109 Locking nut
3HAA1001-112 Gasket
3HAA1001-123 Damper
3HAA1001-124 Support ring
3HAA1001-125 Spacer
3HAA1001-126 Spacer
3HAA1001-127 Shaft
3HAA1001-129 Taper Roller Bearing
3HAA1001-13 Clamp casting
3HAA1001-130 Taper Roller Bearing
3HAA1001-131 Cylind. Roller Bearin
3HAA1001-132 Deep Groove Ball Bearing
3HAA1001-134 Washer
3HAA1001-135 BELLOW
3HAA1001-136 PLATE
3HAA1001-142 BRACKET
3HAA1001-143 BRACKET
3HAA1001-144 BRACKET
3HAA1001-146 WEDGE
3HAA1001-154 ANGLE
3HAA1001-16 Hub Axis 4 Machining
3HAA1001-161 Cover
3HAA1001-162 Cable clamp
3HAA1001-164 Protective plate
3HAA1001-166 Gasket
3HAA1001-168 Taper Roller Bearing
3HAA1001-17 Stop, Axis 4, Casting
3HAA1001-172 Washer
3HAA1001-173 Sealing Ring
3HAA1001-174 Sync. plate
3HAA1001-176 Cover Axis 4
3HAA1001-181 SPRING WASHER
3HAA1001-186 Washer
3HAA1001-189 SPHERICAL ROLLER BEARING
3HAA1001-196 HEX.SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREW
3HAA1001-199 CAP
3HAA1001-200 SUPPORT WASHER
3HAA1001-201 Contaktholder
3HAA1001-202 CONTACT HOLDER
3HAA1001-207 RADIAL BEARING
3HAA1001-21 Pinion
3HAA1001-218 HOSE CLIP
3HAA1001-230 Spiral hose
3HAA1001-24 Gear
3HAA1001-243 Cable gland
3HAA1001-244 Cable gland
3HAA1001-262 Gear
3HAA1001-267 Washer
3HAA1001-282 SUPPORT PLATE
3HAA1001-297 Friction Washer
3HAA1001-302 Cover
3HAA1001-305 Cover
3HAA1001-316 OTOR BRACKET, L.H.
3HAA1001-317 Shaft
3HAA1001-33 Cover axis 4, machining
3HAA1001-334 WEIGHT ADAPTER
3HAA1001-342 SYNC MOUNT AXIS 2 SHELF
3HAA1001-343 SYNC MOUNT AXIS 3,4 SHELF
3HAA1001-344 SYNC MOUNT AXIS 5,6
3HAA1001-346 BRACKET FOR SYNC PLATE
3HAA1001-347 BRACKET FOR SYNC PLATE
3HAA1001-39 Hub machining
3HAA1001-500 Cover
3HAA1001-501 Cover
3HAA1001-513 Instruction label
3HAA1001-519 INPUT GEAR
3HAA1001-522 Input Gear
3HAA1001-525 Hood for 25p D.sub
3HAA1001-526 Hood for 15p D.sub
3HAA1001-531 SLEEVE
3HAA1001-578 Straight Union
3HAA1001-603 HOLDER
3HAA1001-604 COVER
3HAA1001-605 FLANGE
3HAA1001-606 BRACKET
3HAA1001-607 GASKET
3HAA1001-608 GASKET
3HAA1001-612 AIR FILTER
3HAA1001-613 FRICTION RING
3HAA1001-614 FRIKTION RING
3HAA1001-616 FRIKTION RING
3HAA1001-622 Damper axis 3
3HAA1001-628 Sealing
3HAA1001-630 DUST CAP
3HAA1001-632 Washer
3HAA1001-636 CABLE HOLDER
3HAA1001-658 O-RING
3HAA1001-668 HOLDER
3HAA1001-670 CONNECTION BOX
3HAA1001-672 CABLE CLAMP
3HAA1001-691 Cable guide rail
3HAA1001-695 Bottom plate
3HAA1001-700 Cover with gasket
3HAA1001-701 Gasket
3HAA1001-71 PARALLEL ROD MACHINING
3HAA1001-716 Grease tube
3HAA1001-718 Cable protection
3HAA1001-719 COVER
3HAA1001-721 GUIDE FOR CABLING
3HAA1001-727 ENVIRONMENTAL DUST CAP
3HAA1001-73 Sync. plate, axis 1
3HAA1001-74 Sync. plate, axis 2
3HAA1001-75 Sync. plate, axis 3
3HAA1001-76 Sync. plate axes 4
3HAA1001-77 Sync. plate,axis 5
3HAA1001-78 Sync. plate, axis 6
3HAA1001-79 Sync. plate with nonie
3HAA1001-81 Damper
3HAA1001-82 SPACING SLEEVE
3HAA1001-83 SEALING RING
3HAA1001-86 Ring, plastic
3HAA1001-88 AXIS FOR PARALLELBAR
3HAA1001-89 STOP
3HAA1001-90 Damper, lower arm
3HAA1001-97 Gasket
3HAA1001-98 Gasket
3HAA2010-1 Signal cable
3HAA2021-1 Thrust Washer
3HAA2034-1 GEAR SET
3HAA2035-1 GEAR SET
3HAA2039-1 Sleeve
3HAA2043-1 Nut
3HAA2049-1 Driver
3HAA2050-1 Turning Disc Ax.5-6
3HAA2052-1 Threaded ring
3HAA2058-13 Bearing sealing
3HAA2092-11 Bearing sealing
3HAA2092-12 Bearing sealing
3HAA2095-12 Shims
3HAA2095-13 Shims
3HAA2099-12 Groove ball bearing
3HAA2103-11 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2103-13 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2103-14 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2103-15 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2103-16 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2103-18 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2103-27 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2104-11 O-ring
3HAA2107-11 Clamping bush
3HAA2111-1 Buffer
3HAA2121-3 Rotator axis 4 compl.
3HAA2126-1 Bracket
3HAA2128-1 Bracket
3HAA2130-1 Bearing
3HAA2155-1 Damper
3HAA2165-20 U-nut
3HAA2166-11 84-Cover 80*10
3HAA2166-12 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-13 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-16 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-17 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-18 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-19 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-20 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-21 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-22 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-23 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-24 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-26 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-27 VK-cover
3HAA2166-28 VK-Cover
3HAA2167-11 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-12 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-13 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-15 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-16 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-17 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-18 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-19 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-20 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-21 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-22 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2212-1 Thrust Washer
3HAA2218-1 Shaft
3HAA2242-1 Back-up ring
3HAA2246-1 Accesories TCP-adj.
3HAA2247-1 Guide
3HAA2278-1 Damper
3HAA2280-1 Cover
3HAA2281-1 SEALING STRIP
3HAA2286-4 MOUNTIND INST
3HAA2293-11 Needle roller bearing
3HAA2301-12 Rod end bearing
3HAA2324-1 Strip
3HAA2325-12 Ball bearing W.two seal.
3HAA2325-13 Ball bearing W. two seal.
3HAA2333-1 Cable guide
3HAA2341-1 Locking washer
3HAA2355-11 Plate
3HAA2356-11 Plate
3HAA2356-12 Washer
3HAA2356-14 Washer SRKB
3HAA2362-1 Cover
3HAA2367-1 Limit switch
3HAA2388-11 Parallel pin
3HAA2391-1 Timing Belt Pulley
3HAA2393-1 Timing belt
3HAA2477-1 STOP 30gr
3HAA2484-11 Washer
3HAA2495-1 Wrist house
3HAA2500-1 Hub
3HAA2503-1 Gear unit
3HAA2504-1 Motor plate
3HAA2542-11 Bushing
3HAA2589-1 Ribbon cable
3HAA2599-1 Receptacles for pin 8p
3HAA2599-2 Receptacles for pin 12p
3HAA2599-3 Receptacles for pin 23p
3HAA2600-2 Plug con.for sock.con 12p
3HAA2600-3 Plug con.for sock.con 23p
3HAA2601-1 Adapter Tin plated 8p
3HAA2601-2 Adapter Tin plated 12p
3HAA2601-3 Adapter Tin plated 23p
3HAA2602-1 Plug con.for pin con 8p
3HAA2602-2 Plug con.for pin con.12p
3HAA2602-3 Plug con. for pin con.23p
3HAA2613-2 Receptacles f. socket 12p
3HAA2613-3 Receptacles f. socket 23p
3HAA2614-2 Bottle shaped shrink.hose
3HAA2614-3 Bottle shaped shrink.hose
3HAA2659-2 Adapter, Tin plated 12p
3HAA3001-13 House
3HAA3001-14 Shaft
3HAA3001-15 Arm
3HAA3001-16 Disc
3HAA3001-18 Push button
3HAA3001-19 Compression spring
3HAA3001-20 Compression spring
3HAA3001-21 Ball
3HAA3001-22 Joy stick
3HAA3001-49 Label layout
3HAA3001-50 Parallel pin
3HAA3001-51 Lock washer
3HAA3001-52 Bracket
3HAA3001-53 Guide washer
3HAA3001-6 Outlet 2-p w. earth term.
3HAA3001-65 Spring
3HAA3001-7 Run time counter
3HAA3001-98 Connection plate
3HAA3001-99 Grub screw
3HAA3003-21 Cam switch
3HAA3003-26 Gasket
3HAA3003-28 Torsion spring
3HAA3003-33 Connection unit
3HAA3003-35 Relay unit I/O
3HAA3003-50 Bracket
3HAA3003-52 Front plate
3HAA3003-57 Cooling unit
3HAA3003-58 Mounting rail
3HAA3003-59 Screen clamp
3HAA3014-1 Cable strap
3HAA3014-2 Cable strap indoor
3HAA3015-1 Ribbon cable clamp
3HAA3016-1 Pin connector 12p
3HAA3017-8 Terminal block Socket
3HAA3018-16 Terminal block pin
3HAA3101-AD Cover
3HAA3101-AE Case
3HAA3101-CC Transber 380-475V
3HAA3101-CH RIBBON CABLE
3HAA3201-CE MAINPROGRAM IRB-6000
3HAA3201-CG Mainprogram IRB6000 2,8-100
3HAA3201-CH MAINPROGRAM IRB-6000
3HAA3201-EE I/O-PROM QUANTUM WINCHEST
3HAA3560-GSA Progr unit holder
3HAA3560-HSA Cable jib prog unit
3HAA3560-HVA Control cable signal 7m
3HAA3560-HWA Control cable signal 15m
3HAA3560-KVA Door floppy disk drive
