MAC112D0ED4C/130A0/WI520LX/S005德國官員們開始擔心，在一個軟件為王、且工廠越來越多地與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相連的世界里，他們引以為豪的硬件制造乃至本國經(jīng)濟正面臨風險。更糟糕的是，他們推動國內(nèi)企業(yè)建設未來數(shù)字化工廠的努力，正遭受來自美國同行的威脅。
MAC112D0ED4C/130A0/WI520LX/S005新工業(yè)革命浪潮中想要力挽狂瀾的不只是老牌勁旅德國，中法日韓都在押注智能制造。一場全球范圍內(nèi)的深度競爭已經(jīng)展開。
“我相信工業(yè)4.0的中心將會在中國?！泵绹列聊翘岽髮W特聘講座教授李杰對中國在這場競賽中的表現(xiàn)十分看好。在近日上海進行的訪談中，他對澎湃新聞解釋說，雖然不少中國企業(yè)還在修內(nèi)功，但市場之大使得海量數(shù)據(jù)在中國匯集，制造設備雖然是德國人生產(chǎn)的，但中國企業(yè)若能通過數(shù)據(jù)分析更懂得利用設備、創(chuàng)造價值，彎道超車可期。
李杰發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于中國內(nèi)需市場太大，做洗衣機的只想著做洗衣機，節(jié)能省水便宜就好，做空調(diào)的光想做空調(diào)，不會想到去做空氣質(zhì)量管理。在中國，光填補市場空白可能就是上千億級別的生意，“有時候他們會覺得沒必要(再去做價值創(chuàng)新)”。
MAC112D0ED4C/130A0/WI520LX/S005但事實證明，產(chǎn)品本身往往差別不大，圍繞產(chǎn)品的系統(tǒng)化服務卻可以大異其趣，真正創(chuàng)造企業(yè)價值的往往是這些不可見的環(huán)節(jié)?！澳憧梢再u高鐵給別人，同時在車廂上安裝傳感器收集各種安全信息數(shù)據(jù)，同時賣安全服務。能賺兩筆錢為什么不賺?”
目光拉回現(xiàn)實，中國制造業(yè)的景氣度在警報聲中繼續(xù)惡化。中國9月財新制造業(yè)PMI初值47.0，連續(xù)第七個月低于50.0的榮枯臨界線，創(chuàng)2009年3月以來最低水平，不及預期的47.5，也不及47.3的前值。冰冷的數(shù)字面前，是加碼轉(zhuǎn)型，還是暫緩升級?炙手可熱的大數(shù)據(jù)又如何重構(gòu)寒冬中的制造業(yè)?有的企業(yè)早已動身，有的卻仍感到迷霧重重。
MAC112D0ED4C/130A0/WI520LX/S005除辛辛那提大學講座教授外，李杰還是美國國家科學基金會(NSF)智能維護系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)學合作中心主任，研究重點是以工業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)分析為主的智能預測技術(shù)、產(chǎn)品及服務的主控式創(chuàng)新設計。他曾在美國NSF主管先進制造項目，并從2013年起擔任美國白宮信息物理系統(tǒng)專家組顧問。
工業(yè)4.0的核心是大數(shù)據(jù)的價值創(chuàng)造，而中國既是制造大國，同時也是使用大國，大量的數(shù)據(jù)都在中國得到匯集。
澎湃新聞：圍繞新一輪工業(yè)革命，美德兩國都提出了頗具前瞻性的戰(zhàn)略概念。德國有工業(yè)4.0，美國則喊出“制造業(yè)回歸”的口號，提出了CPS戰(zhàn)略計劃(Cyber-Physical System，信息物理系統(tǒng))，兩者的內(nèi)核有何不同?
李杰：兩者都涉及了兩方面的變革：一是制造模式的變革，二是裝備和產(chǎn)品的智能化。但美國和德國的出發(fā)點不一樣。德國注重制造，追求利潤和長期就業(yè)穩(wěn)定。美國追求國際影響力，我要去影響世界。
MAC112D0ED4C/130A0/WI520LX/S005事實上兩個國家都有沒有說破的話。德國為什么提4.0?原因是德國有很強的隱形冠軍和學徒制教育。這是他的基礎，上面的口號都是虛的，德國人最怕的就是人的動搖和隱形冠軍的動搖。這十年來誕生的Facebook、Twitter、Uber，他們并沒有靠實體?？吹絅okia在芬蘭的結(jié)束，他們會問，究竟制造錯了嗎?制造沒有錯，但你要更接近顧客，而不是更接近產(chǎn)品。
因此，德國的教育體系開始受到挑戰(zhàn)，學徒制是相當好的，問題是你學得很專，就轉(zhuǎn)不過來了，用慣筷子就不會用叉子了。因此文化也要改變。
(在工業(yè)界高度活躍的中小企業(yè)是德國工業(yè)的脊梁。根據(jù)德裔哈佛戰(zhàn)略專家西蒙給出的定義，“隱形冠軍”指的是領域內(nèi)全球市場份額第一或第二，抑或在歐洲市場排名第一;年銷售額低于10億美元;在大眾之中知名度較低。)
MAC112D0ED4C/130A0/WI520LX/S005美國提出的幾個國家重大項目，包括3D打印、低耗能半導體、數(shù)字化制造與設計創(chuàng)新以及材料輕量化，這些項目都是表面的。真正的支撐點在于美國制造業(yè)最為關鍵的6S工業(yè)生
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MAC112D0ED4C/130A0/WI520LX/S005
MAC112C-0-ED-2-C/130-A-0/S005
MAC093B-0-0S-3-C/130-A-0/S001
MAC112D-2-HD-3-C/130-A-O/S05
MAC112D-0-ED-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LX/S005
MAC90A-0-RD-4C/130-A-0/WI52Q/S011
MAC112D-0-FD-4-C.130A-0.WI520X.S005
MAC112D-HD-3-C.130A-0.S005 Used
MAC112D-0-E0-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LX/S005
MAC112D-2-HD-3C/130-A-0
MAC112D-0-ED-4-C/130-A-1/WI520LV/S005
MAC112D-0ED-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LV/S005
MAC112C-2-ED-4-C/130-A-2/WI520LV/S018
MAC112D-0-ED-3-C/130-A-2/S018
MAC112D-0-ED-1-B/130-A-0/J625/S05
MAC112C-0-HD-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LX/S005
MAC112C-0-ED-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LV/S005
MAC112D-0-ED-1-C/130-A-0/S05/J625
MAC112C-0-HD-3-C/130-B-0/S005
MAC112D-0-ED-4-C/130-B-2/WI522LV/S018
MAC112C-0-ED-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LV/S005
MAC90C-0-GD-3C/110-A-O-S001
MAC112C-1-HD-3-C/130-A-0
MAC112D-O-ED4
3HAA0001-SY LIFT DEVICE FOR FORKLIFT
3HAA0001-UA ACCESSORIES FOR TCP-ADJ.
3HAA0001-UL RADIALFAN
3HAA0001-XH MOTOR AX.1
3HAA0001-XJ MOTOR AX.2-3
3HAA0001-XK MOTOR AX.6
3HAA0001-XR CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT
3HAA0001-YG CABL.UPPER.NO CUST-CONN.
3HAA0001-YH Cabl.upper.Front c-conn.
3HAA0001-YM Lower cabel
3HAA0001-YN LOWER CABLE,FRONT C-CONN.
3HAA0001-YP LOWER CABLE SHELF,C-CONN.
3HAA0001-YR Cablage axis 5
3HAA0001-YS Cablage axis 5
3HAA0001-YT Cable axis 6
3HAA0001-YU Cable axis 6
3HAA0001-YV SIGNAL CABLE
3HAA0001-YX CABLE MOTOR 2
3HAA0001-YY XCABLE MOTOR 3
3HAA0001-ZB COVER
3HAA0001-ZH MOTOR AX.4,5
3HAA0001-ZK COVER WITH GASKET
3HAA1001-100 Damper axis 4
3HAA1001-101 Damper Axis 5
3HAA1001-102 Stop axis 4, Upper arm
3HAA1001-103 Spacer
3HAA1001-104 Bracket for sync. plate
3HAA1001-106 Washer
3HAA1001-107 Shaft
3HAA1001-108 Spacer
3HAA1001-109 Locking nut
3HAA1001-112 Gasket
3HAA1001-123 Damper
3HAA1001-124 Support ring
3HAA1001-125 Spacer
3HAA1001-126 Spacer
3HAA1001-127 Shaft
3HAA1001-129 Taper Roller Bearing
3HAA1001-13 Clamp casting
3HAA1001-130 Taper Roller Bearing
3HAA1001-131 Cylind. Roller Bearin
3HAA1001-132 Deep Groove Ball Bearing
3HAA1001-134 Washer
3HAA1001-135 BELLOW
3HAA1001-136 PLATE
3HAA1001-142 BRACKET
3HAA1001-143 BRACKET
3HAA1001-144 BRACKET
3HAA1001-146 WEDGE
3HAA1001-154 ANGLE
3HAA1001-16 Hub Axis 4 Machining
3HAA1001-161 Cover
3HAA1001-162 Cable clamp
3HAA1001-164 Protective plate
3HAA1001-166 Gasket
3HAA1001-168 Taper Roller Bearing
3HAA1001-17 Stop, Axis 4, Casting
3HAA1001-172 Washer
3HAA1001-173 Sealing Ring
3HAA1001-174 Sync. plate
3HAA1001-176 Cover Axis 4
3HAA1001-181 SPRING WASHER
3HAA1001-186 Washer
3HAA1001-189 SPHERICAL ROLLER BEARING
3HAA1001-196 HEX.SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREW
3HAA1001-199 CAP
3HAA1001-200 SUPPORT WASHER
3HAA1001-201 Contaktholder
3HAA1001-202 CONTACT HOLDER
3HAA1001-207 RADIAL BEARING
3HAA1001-21 Pinion
3HAA1001-218 HOSE CLIP
3HAA1001-230 Spiral hose
3HAA1001-24 Gear
3HAA1001-243 Cable gland
3HAA1001-244 Cable gland
3HAA1001-262 Gear
3HAA1001-267 Washer
3HAA1001-282 SUPPORT PLATE
3HAA1001-297 Friction Washer
3HAA1001-302 Cover
3HAA1001-305 Cover
3HAA1001-316 OTOR BRACKET, L.H.
3HAA1001-317 Shaft
3HAA1001-33 Cover axis 4, machining
3HAA1001-334 WEIGHT ADAPTER
3HAA1001-342 SYNC MOUNT AXIS 2 SHELF
3HAA1001-343 SYNC MOUNT AXIS 3,4 SHELF
3HAA1001-344 SYNC MOUNT AXIS 5,6
3HAA1001-346 BRACKET FOR SYNC PLATE
3HAA1001-347 BRACKET FOR SYNC PLATE
3HAA1001-39 Hub machining
3HAA1001-500 Cover
3HAA1001-501 Cover
3HAA1001-513 Instruction label
3HAA1001-519 INPUT GEAR
3HAA1001-522 Input Gear
3HAA1001-525 Hood for 25p D.sub
3HAA1001-526 Hood for 15p D.sub
3HAA1001-531 SLEEVE
3HAA1001-578 Straight Union
3HAA1001-603 HOLDER
3HAA1001-604 COVER
3HAA1001-605 FLANGE
3HAA1001-606 BRACKET
3HAA1001-607 GASKET
3HAA1001-608 GASKET
3HAA1001-612 AIR FILTER
3HAA1001-613 FRICTION RING
3HAA1001-614 FRIKTION RING
3HAA1001-616 FRIKTION RING
3HAA1001-622 Damper axis 3
3HAA1001-628 Sealing
3HAA1001-630 DUST CAP
3HAA1001-632 Washer
3HAA1001-636 CABLE HOLDER
3HAA1001-658 O-RING
3HAA1001-668 HOLDER
3HAA1001-670 CONNECTION BOX
3HAA1001-672 CABLE CLAMP
3HAA1001-691 Cable guide rail
3HAA1001-695 Bottom plate
3HAA1001-700 Cover with gasket
3HAA1001-701 Gasket
3HAA1001-71 PARALLEL ROD MACHINING
3HAA1001-716 Grease tube
3HAA1001-718 Cable protection
3HAA1001-719 COVER
3HAA1001-721 GUIDE FOR CABLING
3HAA1001-727 ENVIRONMENTAL DUST CAP
3HAA1001-73 Sync. plate, axis 1
3HAA1001-74 Sync. plate, axis 2
3HAA1001-75 Sync. plate, axis 3
3HAA1001-76 Sync. plate axes 4
3HAA1001-77 Sync. plate,axis 5
3HAA1001-78 Sync. plate, axis 6
3HAA1001-79 Sync. plate with nonie
3HAA1001-81 Damper
3HAA1001-82 SPACING SLEEVE
3HAA1001-83 SEALING RING
3HAA1001-86 Ring, plastic
3HAA1001-88 AXIS FOR PARALLELBAR
3HAA1001-89 STOP
3HAA1001-90 Damper, lower arm
3HAA1001-97 Gasket
3HAA1001-98 Gasket
3HAA2010-1 Signal cable
3HAA2021-1 Thrust Washer
3HAA2034-1 GEAR SET
3HAA2035-1 GEAR SET
3HAA2039-1 Sleeve
3HAA2043-1 Nut
3HAA2049-1 Driver
3HAA2050-1 Turning Disc Ax.5-6
3HAA2052-1 Threaded ring
3HAA2058-13 Bearing sealing
3HAA2092-11 Bearing sealing
3HAA2092-12 Bearing sealing
3HAA2095-12 Shims
3HAA2095-13 Shims
3HAA2099-12 Groove ball bearing
3HAA2103-11 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2103-13 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2103-14 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2103-15 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2103-16 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2103-18 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2103-27 Taper roller bearing
3HAA2104-11 O-ring
3HAA2107-11 Clamping bush
3HAA2111-1 Buffer
3HAA2121-3 Rotator axis 4 compl.
3HAA2126-1 Bracket
3HAA2128-1 Bracket
3HAA2130-1 Bearing
3HAA2155-1 Damper
3HAA2165-20 U-nut
3HAA2166-11 84-Cover 80*10
3HAA2166-12 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-13 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-16 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-17 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-18 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-19 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-20 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-21 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-22 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-23 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-24 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-26 VK-Cover
3HAA2166-27 VK-cover
3HAA2166-28 VK-Cover
3HAA2167-11 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-12 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-13 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-15 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-16 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-17 Spherical roller bearing
3HAA2167-18 Spherical roller bearing
