MAC090B-0-KD-1-B/110-A-0/J1250/S01隨著信息技術(shù)的不斷革新，工業(yè)界正經(jīng)歷著不同于蒸汽機、規(guī)模化流水線生產(chǎn)和以電氣自動化為標志的前三次工業(yè)革命之后的第四次工業(yè)革命，在這場基于物理信息融合系統(tǒng)的第四次工業(yè)革命的背景下，美國在此契機下提出《國家先進制造戰(zhàn)略計劃》，德國提出將制造業(yè)向智能化轉(zhuǎn)型的這一目標，將其稱之為工業(yè)4.0。對于這個詞，從2012年誕生伊始至今，在與經(jīng)濟相關(guān)的大小論壇會議中高頻出鏡，但其中很多概念尚無定論，各種解讀也是層出不窮。
MAC090B-0-KD-1-B/110-A-0/J1250/S01在我國，工業(yè)4．0很多時候和《中國制造2025》、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)＋”、大數(shù)據(jù)等詞同框出現(xiàn)，它們之間是怎樣的關(guān)聯(lián)？工業(yè)4．0的到來對制造業(yè)有怎樣的影響？帶著這些問題，記者專訪了國務(wù)院發(fā)展研究中心產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟研究部第一研究室主任、研究員王曉明。不同于對這個問題常見的討論角度，他將從知識創(chuàng)造這一獨特的視角來帶我們認識工業(yè)4．0。
從知識創(chuàng)造的視角來認識工業(yè)4．0
記者：你所說的知識創(chuàng)造的涵義是什么？
王曉明：有人認為工業(yè)1．0到工業(yè)4．0，分別對應(yīng)的是機械化、自動化、信息化和智能化。我贊同這種表述，那么對應(yīng)MAC090B-0-KD-1-B/110-A-0/J1250/S01中國的企業(yè)，如果按照從現(xiàn)狀到目標的角度來看，大部分仍處于機械化和自動化階段，少部分企業(yè)到了工業(yè)信息化甚至更高的階段，總體水平處于工業(yè)2．0階段。
MAC090B-0-KD-1-B/110-A-0/J1250/S01如果從物質(zhì)要素的投入轉(zhuǎn)向知識要素的投入對應(yīng)的不同發(fā)展階段來看，我認為從工業(yè)1．0到工業(yè)2．0是物質(zhì)加工的階段，也就是需要投入的物質(zhì)要素是諸如廠房、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、倉儲物流設(shè)施、車輛、工具等。而非物質(zhì)要素包括數(shù)據(jù)、信息、品牌、軟件等可以體現(xiàn)在工業(yè)3．0（信息化）和工業(yè)4．0（智能化）的要素，我們可以把這些非物質(zhì)要素稱為知識性要素。早在上世紀九十年代，在OECD國家中，非物質(zhì)要素的投入已經(jīng)超過了物質(zhì)要素的投入，這符合技術(shù)進步的趨勢和工業(yè)化階段轉(zhuǎn)換的方向。信息化和知識化方面要素的投入對經(jīng)濟增長和工業(yè)效率的提高很有幫助。
這是從邏輯上來認識當前工業(yè)依靠物質(zhì)要素的投入向知識性要素投入的轉(zhuǎn)換過程。
再來看信息化，它有一個金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)，底層是數(shù)據(jù)，中層是信息，塔尖是知識，意思是通過大量的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)，從中挖掘出有用的信息，通過這些有用的信息綜合集成為有價值的知識。這是我所說的知識創(chuàng)造的涵義。
MAC090B-0-KD-1-B/110-A-0/J1250/S01站在知識創(chuàng)造這個制高點上去理解“十三五”規(guī)劃中和制造業(yè)相關(guān)的概念，比如“創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動”、《中國制造2025》、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)＋”和大數(shù)據(jù)這幾個戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展方向，或許能把我國制造業(yè)的未來路徑看得更加清楚。
----商務(wù)熱線---廈門興銳達自動化設(shè)備有限公司
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MAC112C-0-HD-2-C/130-A-0/S05
MAC115A-0-FS-3-C/130-A-0/S001
MAC112C-0-HD-3-C/130-A-0-2/WI520LV/S001
MAC112C-0-HD-3-C/130-A-0
MAC112C-0-HD-2-C/130-A-0/S05
MAC112D0ED4C/130A0/WI520LX/S005
MAC112C-0-ED-2-C/130-A-0/S005
MAC093B-0-0S-3-C/130-A-0/S001
MAC112D-2-HD-3-C/130-A-O/S05
MAC112D-0-ED-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LX/S005
MAC90A-0-RD-4C/130-A-0/WI52Q/S011
MAC112D-0-FD-4-C.130A-0.WI520X.S005
MAC112D-HD-3-C.130A-0.S005 Used
MAC112D-0-E0-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LX/S005
MAC112D-2-HD-3C/130-A-0
MAC112D-0-ED-4-C/130-A-1/WI520LV/S005
MAC112D-0ED-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LV/S005
MAC112C-2-ED-4-C/130-A-2/WI520LV/S018
MAC112D-0-ED-3-C/130-A-2/S018
MAC112D-0-ED-1-B/130-A-0/J625/S05
MAC112C-0-HD-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LX/S005
MAC112C-0-ED-4-C/130-A-0/WI520LV/S005
MAC112D-0-ED-1-C/130-A-0/S05/J625
