距福島核災(zāi)難兩年半后,隨著日本四家公共事業(yè)公司為10個(gè)閑置工廠申請(qǐng)安全審查,其重拾核能的意圖已經(jīng)昭然若揭。這意味著日本向重啟核反應(yīng)堆又邁進(jìn)了一步。
HVE03.2-W030L自從2011年3月福島第一核電廠發(fā)生核泄漏災(zāi)難以來(lái),日本關(guān)閉了其所有50個(gè)核反應(yīng)堆中的48個(gè),曾經(jīng)為其提供三分之一電力的核能幾乎瞬間消失。本周一,在最近生效的安全要求下,四個(gè)日本核電廠運(yùn)營(yíng)商向核監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)提交了涉及五個(gè)發(fā)電廠10個(gè)核反應(yīng)堆的審查申請(qǐng)。只有通過(guò)嚴(yán)格審查的核反應(yīng)堆才可以重啟,時(shí)間大概是明年初。監(jiān)督部門(mén)表示,每個(gè)核反應(yīng)堆審查需耗時(shí)6個(gè)月,因?yàn)閷彶槿藛T每次只能處理幾個(gè)反應(yīng)堆。從當(dāng)?shù)卣@得許可至少需要幾周時(shí)間。
由于油氣價(jià)格上漲,為了解決能源短缺的問(wèn)題,日本的公共事業(yè)公司積極游說(shuō)讓他們的反應(yīng)堆重新上線。新規(guī)定首次要求發(fā)電廠在嚴(yán)重事故中預(yù)防核泄漏、設(shè)立應(yīng)急指揮中心并制定反恐措施,同時(shí)還要求運(yùn)營(yíng)商提高對(duì)海嘯、地震、龍卷風(fēng)和航空事故等災(zāi)難的應(yīng)對(duì)能力。
HVE03.2-W030L安全問(wèn)題此前留給了運(yùn)營(yíng)商,依靠其保護(hù)自身投資利益作為預(yù)防災(zāi)難的動(dòng)力。TokyoElectricPower由于低估了海嘯風(fēng)險(xiǎn)其防波堤都不到海浪的一半高,最終導(dǎo)致福島第一核電廠發(fā)生大規(guī)模核泄漏,160000名撤離人員至今無(wú)法重返家園。
申請(qǐng)重啟福井縣四個(gè)核反應(yīng)堆的KansaiElectricPower高級(jí)官員IkuoMorinaka表示,自從福島災(zāi)難后,公司已經(jīng)采取了緊急措施和額外防護(hù)措施,并且為核對(duì)反應(yīng)堆的重新上線做好了一切準(zhǔn)備。
HVE03.2-W030L一些反對(duì)核人士高舉橫幅并喊著反核口號(hào)已在監(jiān)督部門(mén)辦公樓外舉行了示威活動(dòng)。評(píng)論家表示,新的安全要求仍然存在漏洞使得運(yùn)營(yíng)商操作更加容易,例如,針對(duì)加壓水反應(yīng)堆(PWR)強(qiáng)制措施的五年寬限期。這意味著48個(gè)核反應(yīng)堆中一半采用加壓水系統(tǒng)的反應(yīng)堆都可以在五年內(nèi)開(kāi)始重新運(yùn)營(yíng)。
據(jù)公布的申請(qǐng)文件表明,提交審查的10個(gè)反應(yīng)堆都是PWR,而且它們都沒(méi)有完成過(guò)濾通風(fēng)口和完備的應(yīng)急指揮中心的建設(shè)。這些提議旨在重啟核反應(yīng)堆的運(yùn)營(yíng),即使附近社區(qū)在制定緊急撤離措施方面仍然落后的情況下仍要重啟。而且,反應(yīng)堆重啟將會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的核廢料、钚庫(kù)存以及其它安全和環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
HVE03.2-W030L評(píng)論家還表示,隨著新要求下的安全升級(jí)增加了老化反應(yīng)堆退役和廢物清理的成本,運(yùn)營(yíng)核能發(fā)電廠最終將會(huì)成為一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。甚至,初期安全升級(jí)成本預(yù)測(cè)將超過(guò)1萬(wàn)億日元(約合100億美元)。然而,運(yùn)營(yíng)商卻表示這是項(xiàng)必須的投資?!拔覀冃枰\(yùn)營(yíng)核能發(fā)電廠提供穩(wěn)定的能量供應(yīng),”在日本南部運(yùn)營(yíng)6個(gè)核反應(yīng)堆的KyushuElectricPower副總裁ToruYoshisako表示。
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HVE03.2-W030L
HVE04.2-W075L
6ES5243-1AB11
6ES5246-4UA11
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6ES5251-1AA11
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6ES5318-8MB11
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6ES5340-3KB11
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6ES5370-0AA41
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6ES5521-8MA11
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6ES5521-8MB11
6ES5521-8MB12
6ES5523-3UA11
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6ES5524-3UA15
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6ES5526-3LA22
6ES5526-3LG11
6ES5530-3LA12
6ES5530-7LA12
6ES5541-8AA11
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6ES5580-2UA12
6ES5580-3UA12
6ES5580-4UA12
6ES5580-5UA12
6ES5581-0EA11
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