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滾珠絲杠在機床行業(yè)的普遍應(yīng)用，推動了加工機床行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，但機械式傳動的局限性，已無法應(yīng)對日益高速化、高效化切削的發(fā)展趨勢。直線電動機式就是在這種趨勢的需求下產(chǎn)生的一種高速高效傳動方式，特別是機床的高速傳動發(fā)展跨上一個新臺階。德國作為世界先進機床的先驅(qū)，20世紀(jì)80年代就開始了高速銑削和車削技術(shù)的研發(fā)。1993年，德國EXCELLO公司推出了世界上第一個由直線電動機驅(qū)動的工作臺HSC-240型高速加工中心，機床主軸最高速達到24 000r/min，最大進給速度為60n/min，加速度達到1g。

當(dāng)進給速度為20m/min時，其輪廓精度可達0.004mm。美國的Ingersoll公司緊接著推出了HVM-800型高速加工中心，最大進給速度達到75.20m/m i n。

1996年開始，日本相繼研制成功采用直線電動機的臥式加工中心、高速機床、超高速小型加工中心、超精密鏡面加工機床、高速成形機床等。從此以后，直線電動機在高速數(shù)控機床的應(yīng)用如雨后春筍般地迅速發(fā)展起來。近十年來，世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達國家紛紛投入巨資，大力研究、開發(fā)成功不少直線電動機驅(qū)動的高速數(shù)控機床，并逐漸有搶占傳統(tǒng)滾珠絲杠市場的態(tài)勢。

直線電動機加工中心在國外的寶馬、通用等著名汽車公司已經(jīng)有成熟的應(yīng)用，在國內(nèi)上汽通用、東風(fēng)雪鐵龍、昌河鈴木、海馬汽車等也有整線的應(yīng)用實例。本文從技術(shù)分析和應(yīng)用實例上進行了直線電動機和滾珠絲杠驅(qū)動加工中心的對比。圖1為Comau Urane25直線電動機高速加工中心。
傳動原理分析對比滾珠杠副存任的問題如下：

（1）“旋轉(zhuǎn)電動機+滾珠絲杠副”的直線驅(qū)動方式存在著多個彈性環(huán)節(jié)，當(dāng)整個系統(tǒng)在高速運動時，會出現(xiàn)剛度下降，同時彈性變形使系統(tǒng)的階次變高，系統(tǒng)的魯棒性降低，從而使伺服性能下降。彈性變形是數(shù)控機床產(chǎn)生機械諧振的根源。

（2）中間傳動環(huán)節(jié)的存在，增加了運動體的慣量，使得位移和速度響應(yīng)變慢。

（3）間隙死區(qū)、摩擦、誤差積累等因素，使進給速度和加速度受到限制。

（4）動轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)性較差，在高速運動下噪聲易發(fā)熱。

（5）精度保持壽命相對短。
而直線電動機以—個運動部件實現(xiàn)直線運動，則具有以下優(yōu)點：直接驅(qū)動中力是無接觸傳遞的，因此無磨損，使用壽命長，維護簡單；傳動剛性高，推力平穩(wěn)，直接驅(qū)動，彈性環(huán)節(jié)減少，系統(tǒng)剛性提高，傳動效果高；定位精度和重復(fù)定位精度高，可達亞微米級，比伺服電動機及滾珠絲杠副傳動的加速度和重復(fù)定位精度提高7～10 倍。
 

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IC200BEM103 PLC network communications DeviceNet master

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2085-IA8 Micro800 8 Point 120 VAC Input Module

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1738-OB8EM23 ArmorPoint 8 Point Output Module

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PLC-5/1771 System 1771-IR RTD INPUT MODULE, 3-WIRE RTD'S

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Communications 1787-DNPS DEVICENET CLASS II 24VDC POWER SUPPLY

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IC800VMCB1030 Motor power and brake power cable for 1 kW VersaMotion servo motor- 3 meter

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