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作為火電廠安全經(jīng)濟運行主導因素的熱控自動化設備DCS系統(tǒng)，近年來得到了普遍應用，為火電廠機組安全、穩(wěn)定的運行起到了積極的作用。但是，DCS系統(tǒng)的安全性和可靠性還有待提高，在運行過程中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)這樣或那樣的故障，這些故障的出現(xiàn)，導致了發(fā)電機組的非計劃停運，給發(fā)電企業(yè)造成不應有的損失。
　　1、DCS系統(tǒng)常見的故障
　　隨著工業(yè)生產(chǎn)自動化的不斷興起、過程控制要求的日益復雜，一種綜合控制系統(tǒng)――DCS系統(tǒng)應用而生了。由于目前各火電廠對DCS系統(tǒng)的應用水平的限制，系統(tǒng)在運行過程中難免會出現(xiàn)故障。常見的DCS系統(tǒng)故障有：電源系統(tǒng)故障、硬件(模件)故障、系統(tǒng)軟件故障和通信網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)故障。
　　1.1電源系統(tǒng)故障
　　電源故障是DCS系統(tǒng)的致命故障，一旦電源出現(xiàn)故障，不僅整個系統(tǒng)會停止運行，而且還會導致機組的跳閘，造成非計劃停運。
　　1.1.1電源系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障的主要原因
　　電源方面的問題比較多，一是備用電源不能自投，雖采用UPS和APS雙路互為備用的供電方式，但在轉換時也會出現(xiàn)瞬間失電，導致機組跳閘;二是保險配置不合理及DPU電源內(nèi)部故障等造成電源中斷，導致系統(tǒng)運行的停止;三是穩(wěn)壓電源波動引起保護誤動及接插頭接觸不良導致穩(wěn)壓電源無輸出;四是有的系統(tǒng)整個機柜通過一路保險供所有輸入信號或一路電源外接負載很大，導致模件的損壞;五是系統(tǒng)電源未采用UPS供電，冗余備用就更無從談起。
　　1.1.2電源系統(tǒng)故障應采取的防范措施
　　要保證DCS系統(tǒng)的安全、穩(wěn)定，首先要具備合理的電源布置，其次要選用高質量的電源模塊，并要保證較高的冗余率。再次是注意觀察電源的輸出電壓，防止出現(xiàn)波動。第四是對電源實行壽命管理，該更換的時候必須更換，絕對不允許等到電源出現(xiàn)了故障的時候才更換。
　　1.2硬件(模件)故障
　　DCS系統(tǒng)的硬件(模件)卡件可分為處理器模件、I/O模件及通訊模件三大部分，這三大模件的功能各自不同，常見的故障部位為過程通道和人機接口。
　　1.2.1硬件(模件)出現(xiàn)故障的主要原因
　?、龠^程通道故障也就是I/O卡件故障。引起I/O卡件發(fā)生故障的第一方面的原因是卡件因長時間工作而出現(xiàn)老化和損壞，這種工作的發(fā)生，一般是隱藏性的，只有參數(shù)出現(xiàn)異常，系統(tǒng)才會報警;第二個方面是連接線松動導致部分I/O模件與主機的通信中斷，在這種情況下，系統(tǒng)會馬上做出反應，出現(xiàn)報警;第三個方面是外界強電信號竄入形成干擾而導致通道故障的發(fā)生。
　　②諸如球標和控制操作出現(xiàn)失靈和實效以及操作員站出現(xiàn)死機、鍵盤和打印機出現(xiàn)工作不正常的現(xiàn)象都屬于人機接口故障。
　　球標操作失靈的原因有裝置因長時間工作發(fā)生老化或者被浮塵或油膩污染，致使觸點不能實現(xiàn)自行通斷，也或是電纜插頭接觸不良造成與主機的通信斷路。
　　控制操作實效的主要原因是因球標的操作信號不能改變過程通道的狀態(tài)，有三種可能：其一可能是過程通道硬件發(fā)生故障;其二可能是操作員站所用軟件的缺陷;其三是設備超負荷或者過多地打開窗口，導致不響應。
　　操作員站死機的原因基本與控制操作失效的原因相同。
　　鍵盤工作不正常的原因有：鍵盤組態(tài)出現(xiàn)錯誤、接觸不良、連接電纜松動或者在啟動主機時誤動了鍵盤，造成啟動缺失。
　　打印機出現(xiàn)工作不正常的原因：或者是配置不合理，或者是因對打印機實施屏蔽而造成的。

6AV2181-4JB00-0AX0 Starter Kit SIMATIC HMI Comfort TP900

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