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分散控制系統(tǒng)(DCS)已在大型火力發(fā)電廠廣泛應(yīng)用，并取得諸多經(jīng)驗(yàn);對(duì)于中小型的企業(yè)自備火電廠或區(qū)域熱電廠，DCS系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用正在逐步推廣，但其設(shè)計(jì)、施工及維護(hù)經(jīng)驗(yàn) 尚有欠缺，需要不斷摸索和總結(jié)。
　　其DCS系統(tǒng)面臨的重要問(wèn)題之一就是如何有效地抑制干擾，提高控制系統(tǒng)的安全性、穩(wěn)定性與可靠性，由于技術(shù)儲(chǔ) 備不夠完善和人員運(yùn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)欠缺，中小型火電廠更應(yīng)重視此 點(diǎn)。電源穩(wěn)定供應(yīng)、信號(hào)正確分類及電纜合理敷設(shè)、接地有效 實(shí)施作為抑制干擾、提高系統(tǒng)可靠性的有效方法，值得廣泛探討與研究。
　　通過(guò)分析中小型火發(fā)廠DCS系統(tǒng)對(duì)電源、信號(hào)、接地的抗干擾要求，結(jié)合工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)，闡述了這三方面的抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)方 案，提出了施工及維護(hù)中的一些注意事項(xiàng)，供項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)、施工 以及維護(hù)參考，以便實(shí)現(xiàn)DCS的有效投入，保證電廠安全穩(wěn) 定運(yùn)行。
　　2 DCS系統(tǒng)抗干擾要求
　　為提高電廠DCS系統(tǒng)的測(cè)量水平和控制精度，保證控制 系統(tǒng)的安全、穩(wěn)定、可靠運(yùn)行，熱控專業(yè)在設(shè)計(jì)、施工、維護(hù)階段必須合理考慮DCS系統(tǒng)在電源、信號(hào)、接地方面的抗干擾要求。
　　2.1 電源要求
　　電源安全性是任何供電系統(tǒng)必須滿足的最基本條件。首先在前期設(shè)計(jì)中在沒(méi)選擇電源和開關(guān)型號(hào)時(shí)，充分考慮所有設(shè)備最大工作電流，并留出足夠余量，方便日后增加設(shè)備。其次在選擇電源線路時(shí)，不僅要求根據(jù)電流容量選擇合適線徑，而 且要求有足夠機(jī)械強(qiáng)度，具有防腐性，并且能夠阻燃。
　　電源可靠性和連續(xù)性是DCS穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的前提。DCS供電 系統(tǒng)除給DCS供電外，不應(yīng)再接入其他系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備，如果無(wú) 法實(shí)現(xiàn)獨(dú)立電源，那么可以通過(guò)加裝電源隔離裝置的方法(常 用UPS不間斷電源)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。供電電源應(yīng)有兩路電源供電，一路應(yīng)采用交流不問(wèn)斷電源(UPS)，另一路來(lái)自廠用低壓工 作段電源。兩路電源宜設(shè)自動(dòng)電源切投裝置，切投時(shí)間應(yīng)確保 不影響控制系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行。任何一路電源失去或故障不應(yīng)引起控 制系統(tǒng)任何部分的故障、數(shù)據(jù)丟失或異常動(dòng)作;任何一路電源 失去都應(yīng)在控制系統(tǒng)獲得報(bào)警。
　　2.2信號(hào)要求
　　DCS的輸入、輸出信號(hào)線是干擾信號(hào)進(jìn)入DCS的途徑之一，一般來(lái)說(shuō)信號(hào)越弱受干擾的影響越大。首先應(yīng)對(duì)信號(hào)分類 如下：
　?、買類信號(hào)：熱電阻信號(hào)、熱電偶信號(hào)、毫伏信號(hào)、應(yīng)變信號(hào)等低電平信號(hào)。
　　②Ⅱ類信號(hào)：0～5 V、1～5 V、4～20 mA、0～10 mA模 擬量輸入信號(hào);4～20 mA、0～10 mA模擬量輸出信號(hào);電平型/觸點(diǎn)型開關(guān)量輸入信號(hào);脈沖量輸入信號(hào);24VDC小于50 mA的阻性負(fù)載開關(guān)量輸出信號(hào)。
　?、邰箢愋盘?hào)：24V～48VDC感性負(fù)載或電流大于50 mA 的阻性負(fù)載的開關(guān)量輸出信號(hào)。
　?、堍纛愋盘?hào)：110VAC或220VAC開關(guān)量輸出信號(hào)，此類信號(hào)的饋線可視作電源線處理布線的問(wèn)題。
　　其中，I類信號(hào)很容易被干擾，Ⅱ類信號(hào)容易被干擾，而Ⅲ和Ⅳ類信號(hào)在開關(guān)動(dòng)作瞬間會(huì)成為強(qiáng)烈的干擾源，通過(guò)空間環(huán)境干擾附近的信號(hào)線。
　　為了有效減小各個(gè)信號(hào)之間的干擾，不同類型的信號(hào)電纜與DCS相連時(shí)，信號(hào)電纜的設(shè)計(jì)和布置應(yīng)滿足以下原則：
　?、賹?duì)于I類信號(hào)電纜，最好采用屏蔽雙絞電纜。
　②對(duì)于Ⅱ類信號(hào)，盡可能采用屏蔽電纜，其中Ⅱ類信號(hào)中用于控制、聯(lián)鎖的模入/模出信號(hào)、開入信號(hào)，必須采用屏蔽 電纜。
　?、蹖?duì)于Ⅳ類信號(hào)嚴(yán)禁與I、Ⅱ類信號(hào)捆在一起走線，應(yīng)作為220 V電源線處理，與電源電纜一起走線，有條件時(shí)建議采 用屏蔽雙絞電纜。
　?、軐?duì)于Ⅲ類信號(hào)，允許與220 V電源線一起走線(即與Ⅳ類信號(hào)相同)，也可以與I、Ⅱ類信號(hào)一起走線。但在后者情 況下Ⅲ類信號(hào)必須采用屏蔽電纜，最好為屏蔽雙絞電纜，且與 I、Ⅱ類信號(hào)電纜相距15cm以上。
　?、萜帘坞娎|的屏蔽層必須只有一點(diǎn)接地，并且要接地 良好。
　?、藿^對(duì)禁止大功率的開關(guān)量輸出信號(hào)線、電源線、動(dòng)力線等電纜與直接進(jìn)入DCS系統(tǒng)的I、Ⅱ類信號(hào)電纜并行捆綁。
　?、呓^對(duì)禁止采用一根多芯電纜中的部份芯線用于傳輸I類 或Ⅱ類的信號(hào)，另外部分芯線用于傳輸Ⅲ類或Ⅳ類信號(hào)。
　?、鄧?yán)禁同一信號(hào)的幾芯線分布在不同的幾條電纜中(如三線制的熱電阻)。

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