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作為火電廠安全經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行主導(dǎo)因素的熱控自動(dòng)化設(shè)備DCS系統(tǒng)，近年來得到了普遍應(yīng)用，為火電廠機(jī)組安全、穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)行起到了積極的作用。但是，DCS系統(tǒng)的安全性和可靠性還有待提高，在運(yùn)行過程中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣或那樣的故障，這些故障的出現(xiàn)，導(dǎo)致了發(fā)電機(jī)組的非計(jì)劃停運(yùn)，給發(fā)電企業(yè)造成不應(yīng)有的損失。
　　1、DCS系統(tǒng)常見的故障
　　隨著工業(yè)生產(chǎn)自動(dòng)化的不斷興起、過程控制要求的日益復(fù)雜，一種綜合控制系統(tǒng)――DCS系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用而生了。由于目前各火電廠對(duì)DCS系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用水平的限制，系統(tǒng)在運(yùn)行過程中難免會(huì)出現(xiàn)故障。常見的DCS系統(tǒng)故障有：電源系統(tǒng)故障、硬件(模件)故障、系統(tǒng)軟件故障和通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)故障。
　　1.1電源系統(tǒng)故障
　　電源故障是DCS系統(tǒng)的致命故障，一旦電源出現(xiàn)故障，不僅整個(gè)系統(tǒng)會(huì)停止運(yùn)行，而且還會(huì)導(dǎo)致機(jī)組的跳閘，造成非計(jì)劃停運(yùn)。
　　1.1.1電源系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障的主要原因
　　電源方面的問題比較多，一是備用電源不能自投，雖采用UPS和APS雙路互為備用的供電方式，但在轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)瞬間失電，導(dǎo)致機(jī)組跳閘;二是保險(xiǎn)配置不合理及DPU電源內(nèi)部故障等造成電源中斷，導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的停止;三是穩(wěn)壓電源波動(dòng)引起保護(hù)誤動(dòng)及接插頭接觸不良導(dǎo)致穩(wěn)壓電源無輸出;四是有的系統(tǒng)整個(gè)機(jī)柜通過一路保險(xiǎn)供所有輸入信號(hào)或一路電源外接負(fù)載很大，導(dǎo)致模件的損壞;五是系統(tǒng)電源未采用UPS供電，冗余備用就更無從談起。
　　1.1.2電源系統(tǒng)故障應(yīng)采取的防范措施
　　要保證DCS系統(tǒng)的安全、穩(wěn)定，首先要具備合理的電源布置，其次要選用高質(zhì)量的電源模塊，并要保證較高的冗余率。再次是注意觀察電源的輸出電壓，防止出現(xiàn)波動(dòng)。第四是對(duì)電源實(shí)行壽命管理，該更換的時(shí)候必須更換，絕對(duì)不允許等到電源出現(xiàn)了故障的時(shí)候才更換。
　　1.2硬件(模件)故障
　　DCS系統(tǒng)的硬件(模件)卡件可分為處理器模件、I/O模件及通訊模件三大部分，這三大模件的功能各自不同，常見的故障部位為過程通道和人機(jī)接口。
　　1.2.1硬件(模件)出現(xiàn)故障的主要原因
　　①過程通道故障也就是I/O卡件故障。引起I/O卡件發(fā)生故障的第一方面的原因是卡件因長時(shí)間工作而出現(xiàn)老化和損壞，這種工作的發(fā)生，一般是隱藏性的，只有參數(shù)出現(xiàn)異常，系統(tǒng)才會(huì)報(bào)警;第二個(gè)方面是連接線松動(dòng)導(dǎo)致部分I/O模件與主機(jī)的通信中斷，在這種情況下，系統(tǒng)會(huì)馬上做出反應(yīng)，出現(xiàn)報(bào)警;第三個(gè)方面是外界強(qiáng)電信號(hào)竄入形成干擾而導(dǎo)致通道故障的發(fā)生。
　?、谥T如球標(biāo)和控制操作出現(xiàn)失靈和實(shí)效以及操作員站出現(xiàn)死機(jī)、鍵盤和打印機(jī)出現(xiàn)工作不正常的現(xiàn)象都屬于人機(jī)接口故障。
　　球標(biāo)操作失靈的原因有裝置因長時(shí)間工作發(fā)生老化或者被浮塵或油膩污染，致使觸點(diǎn)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)自行通斷，也或是電纜插頭接觸不良造成與主機(jī)的通信斷路。
　　控制操作實(shí)效的主要原因是因球標(biāo)的操作信號(hào)不能改變過程通道的狀態(tài)，有三種可能：其一可能是過程通道硬件發(fā)生故障;其二可能是操作員站所用軟件的缺陷;其三是設(shè)備超負(fù)荷或者過多地打開窗口，導(dǎo)致不響應(yīng)。
　　操作員站死機(jī)的原因基本與控制操作失效的原因相同。
　　鍵盤工作不正常的原因有：鍵盤組態(tài)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤、接觸不良、連接電纜松動(dòng)或者在啟動(dòng)主機(jī)時(shí)誤動(dòng)了鍵盤，造成啟動(dòng)缺失。
　　打印機(jī)出現(xiàn)工作不正常的原因：或者是配置不合理，或者是因?qū)Υ蛴C(jī)實(shí)施屏蔽而造成的。

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