IC693PWR328
IC693PWR328
IC693PWR328
MVC由Trygve Reenskaug提出，首先被應(yīng)用在SmallTalk-80環(huán)境中，使許多交互和界面系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成基礎(chǔ)，Microsoft的MFC基礎(chǔ)類也遵循了MVC的思想。
對于界面設(shè)計可變性的需求，MVC把交互系統(tǒng)的組成分解成模型、視圖、控制三種部件。
模型部件是軟件所處理問題邏輯在獨(dú)立于外在顯示內(nèi)容和形式情況下的內(nèi)在抽象，封裝了問題的核心數(shù)據(jù)、邏輯和功能的計算關(guān)系，他獨(dú)立于具體的界面表達(dá)和I/O操作。
視圖部件把表示模型數(shù)據(jù)及邏輯關(guān)系和狀態(tài)的信息及特定形式展示給用戶。它從模型獲得顯示信息，對于相同的信息可以有多個不同的顯示形式或視圖。
控制部件是處理用戶與軟件的交互操作的，其職責(zé)是控制提供模型中任何變化的傳播，確保用戶界面于模型間的對應(yīng)聯(lián)系；它接受用戶的輸入，將輸入反饋給模型，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)對模型的計算控制，是使模型和視圖協(xié)調(diào)工作的部件。通常一個視圖具有一個控制器。
模型、視圖與控制器的分離，使得一個模型可以具有多個顯示視圖。如果用戶通過某個視圖的控制器改變了模型的數(shù)據(jù)，所有其它依賴于這些數(shù)據(jù)的視圖都應(yīng)反映到這些變化。因此，無論何時發(fā)生了何種數(shù)據(jù)變化，控制器都會將變化通知所有的視圖，導(dǎo)致顯示的更新。這實(shí)際上是一種模型的變化-傳播機(jī)制。
二、 MVC中的模型、視圖和控制類
1、 模型包含了應(yīng)用問題的核心數(shù)據(jù)、邏輯關(guān)系和計算功能，它封裝了所需的數(shù)據(jù)，提供了完成問題處理的操作過程?？刂破饕罁?jù)I/O的需要調(diào)用這些操作過程。模型還為視圖獲取顯示數(shù)據(jù)而提供了訪問其數(shù)據(jù)的操作。
這種變化-傳播機(jī)制體現(xiàn)在各個相互依賴部件之間的注冊關(guān)系上。模型數(shù)據(jù)和狀態(tài)的變化會激發(fā)這種變化-傳播機(jī)制，它是模型、視圖和控制器之間聯(lián)系的紐帶。
2、視圖通過顯示的形式，把信息轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)給用戶。不同視圖通過不同的顯示，來表達(dá)模型的數(shù)據(jù)和狀態(tài)信息。每個視圖有一個更新操作，它可被變化-傳播機(jī)制所激活。當(dāng)調(diào)用更新操作時，視圖獲得來自模型的數(shù)據(jù)值，并用它們來更新顯示。
在初始化時，通過與變化-傳播機(jī)制的注冊關(guān)系建立起所有視圖與模型間的關(guān)聯(lián)。視圖與控制器之間保持著一對一的關(guān)系，每個視圖創(chuàng)建一個相應(yīng)的控制器。視圖提供給控制器處理顯示的操作。因此，控制器可以獲得主動激發(fā)界面更新的能力。
3、 控制器通過時間觸發(fā)的方式，接受用戶的輸入?？刂破魅绾潍@得事件依賴于界面的運(yùn)行平臺?？刂破魍ㄟ^事件處理過程對輸入事件進(jìn)行處理，并為每個輸入事件提供了相應(yīng)的操作服務(wù)，把事件轉(zhuǎn)化成對模型或相關(guān)視圖的激發(fā)操作。
如果控制器的行為依賴于模型的狀態(tài)，則控制器應(yīng)該在變化-傳播機(jī)制中進(jìn)行注冊，并提供一個更新操作。這樣，可以由模型的變化來改變控制器的行為，如禁止某些操作。
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