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鍦ㄨ厫铦曠挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑锛岄噾灞垏鍛ㄥ湇浠嬭唱(zh矛)鐢变簬鍖栧(xu茅)鎴栭浕鍖栧(xu茅)浣滅敤鑰屽紩璧风殑鐮村绋辩偤鑵愯潟銆� 鍦ㄨ厫铦曠挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑锛岀暥(d膩ng)涓嶉姽閶奸伕鎿囦笉鐣�(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)锛屽悓妯ｆ渻(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻厫铦�銆�
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1.鎸変綔鐢ㄧ殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙垎鐐哄寲瀛�(xu茅)鑵愯潟鍜岄浕鍖栧(xu茅)鑵愯潟銆�
2.鎸夎厫铦曠殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)鍙垎鐐轰竴鑸�(鍧囧嫽)鑵愯潟锛屾墍璎備竴鑸厫锛岀郴鎺厫铦曞垎甯冨湪鏁村€�(g猫)涓嶉姽閶艰〃闈笂锛屾墍璎傚眬閮ㄨ厫铦曢粸(di菐n)铦�锛岀斧闅欒厫铦曪紝鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦�,鑵愯潟鐤插嫗锛岄伕鎿囨€ц厫铦�锛屾矕鍒疯厫铦曠瓑銆�
3.鎸夎厫铦曠櫦(f膩)鐢熺殑鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨拰姊濅欢鍙垎鐐哄ぇ姘ｈ厫铦�锛屽伐妤�(y猫)姘磋厫铦曪紝鍦熷￥鑵愯潟銆侀吀銆佸牽銆侀菇鐨勮厫铦�锛屾捣姘磋厫铦曪紝楂樻韩鑵愯潟锛�(鍖呮嫭娑查珨閲戝爆锛岀啍楣�锛岀噧?x矛)椋ь垉g)绛�銆�
鍦ㄨ厫铦曠挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑閬告搰涓嶉姽閻垫檪(sh铆),闄ゆ噳(y墨ng)灏�(du矛)涓嶉姽閻电殑鍏烽珨浣跨敤姊濅欢鏈夎┏绱�(x矛)鐨勪簡瑙ｅ,閭勯渶瑕佽€冩叜鐨勪富瑕佸洜绱犳湁:涓嶉姽閻电殑鑰愯潟鎬�,寮�(qi谩ng)搴�,闊屾€у拰鐗╃悊鎬ц兘,鍔犲伐,鎴愬舰鎬ц兘,璩囨簮,鍍�(ji脿)鏍煎拰鍙栧緱鐨勯洠鏄撱€�
1.鑰愯潟鎬х殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鏄汉鐐虹⒑瀹氱殑,鏃㈣鎵胯獚(r猫n)瀹�,浣跨敤瀹�,鍙堜笉鑳藉彈瀹冪殑绱勬潫,瑕佹牴鎿�(j霉)鍏烽珨浣跨敤瑕佹眰渚嗙⒑瀹氭槸鍚﹁€愯潟鐨勫叿楂旀(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n).
灏�(du矛)涓嶉姽閻电殑鑰愯潟鎬у閲囩敤10绱�(j铆)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n),閬告搰鍝竴绱�(j铆)鍋氱偤鑰愯厫铦曠殑瑕佹眰,瑕佽€冩叜瑷�(sh猫)鍌�,閮ㄥ€�(g猫)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)(钖勫帤,澶у皬).浣跨敤澹藉懡闀�(zh菐ng)鐭�,鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佽唱(zh矛)閲�(濡傞洔璩�(zh矛),椤忚壊,绱斿害)绛夌殑瑕佹眰,涓€鑸渚�,灏�(du矛)浣跨敤閬庣▼涓姹傚厜娼旈彙闈㈡垨灏哄绮惧瘑鐨勮ō(sh猫)鍌欏剙琛ㄥ拰閮ㄤ欢,鍙伕鎿�1~3绱�(j铆)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n);灏�(du矛)瑕佹眰瀵嗗垏閰嶅悎,闀�(zh菐ng)鏈熶笉婕忔垨瑕佹眰浣跨敤闄愰暦(zh菐ng)鐨勮ō(sh猫)鍌�,閮ㄤ欢閬�2~5绱�(j铆),灏�(du矛)瑕佹眰涓嶉珮妾慨鏂逛究鎴栬姹傚＝鍛戒笉寰堥暦(zh菐ng)鐨勮ō(sh猫)鍌�,閮ㄤ欢鍓囧彲閬哥敤4~7绱�(j铆),闄ょ壒娈婁緥澶�,涓嶉姽閻靛湪浣跨敤姊濅欢涓嬪勾鑵愯潟鐜囪秴閬�1mm鑰呬竴鑸涓嶉伕鐢�,闇€瑕佹寚鍑�,10绱�(j铆)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)灏�(du矛)浜庣敘(ch菐n)鐢熷眬閮ㄨ厫铦曟檪(sh铆)鏄笉閬╃敤鐨�.
2.鑰愯潟鎬ф槸鐩稿皪(du矛)鐨�,鏈夋浠剁殑,甯歌鐨勪笉閵归惖鐨勪笉閵规€�,鑰愯潟鎬х郴鎸囨寚鐩稿皪(du矛)浜庣敓閵瑰拰涓嶈€愯潟鑰岃█,鏄寚鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭浠朵笅(浠嬭唱(zh矛),婵冨害,婧害,闆滆唱(zh矛),澹撳姏,娴侀€熺瓑涓€瀹氭檪(sh铆)).鎴嚦鐩墠鐐烘,閭勬矑鏈夊湪浠讳綍鑵愯潟鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧腑鍧囧叿鏈変笉閵规€�,鑰愯潟鎬х殑涓嶉姽閻�,鍥犳閬告潗浜哄摗蹇冮爤閲濆皪(du矛)鍏烽珨浣跨敤姊濅欢鍔犱互閬告搰,涓嶉姽閻电墝铏�(h脿o)閬稿畾鍚�,浣跨敤閮ㄩ杸閭勮閲濆皪(du矛)鎵€閬哥敤鐨勪笉閵归惖鐨勭壒鎬ф纰轰娇鐢�,鍗冲悎鐞嗛伕鏉愬姞姝ｇ⒑浣跨敤鎵嶈兘閬�(d谩)鍒板叿鏈変笉閵规€ф垨鑰愯厫铦曠殑鐩殑.
3.閬告搰涓嶉姽閻垫棦瑕佽€冩叜鍏惰€愪竴鑸厫铦曠殑鎬ц兘,鍙堣鑰冩叜鍏惰€愬眬閮ㄨ厫铦曠殑鎬ц兘,鍦ㄤ竴浜涙按浠嬭唱(zh矛)鍜屽寲宸ヤ粙璩�(zh矛)涓�,鍚庤€呮洿闇€浜堜互娉ㄦ剰,閫欐槸鍥�?y脿n)?閬告潗浜哄摗涓€鑸閲嶈涓嶉姽閻电殑鑰愪竴鑸厫铦曟€ц兘,鑰屽湪浣跨敤姊濅欢涓�,瀹冨€戝皪(du矛)灞€閮ㄨ厫铦�,渚嬪灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦曞瓟铦曠瓑鐨勬€у浣曞墖鑰冩叜杓冨皯;涓嶉姽閻电殑灞€閮ㄨ厫铦曞鍦ㄨ€愪竴鑸厫铦曟€ц兘寰堝ソ鐨勮厫铦曠挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑鐧�(f膩)鐢�,灞€閮ㄨ厫铦曞父甯稿皫(d菐o)鑷翠笉閵归惖瑷�(sh猫)鍌�,閮ㄤ欢鐨勭獊鐒剁牬澹�,鍏跺嵄瀹虫€ч仩(yu菐n)閬�(yu菐n)澶т簬涓€鑸厫铦�.
4.鍦ㄦ噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ悇绋墜鍐�(c猫)涓湁闂�(gu膩n)涓嶉姽閻电殑鑰愯潟鎬ф暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏅�(sh铆),瑕佹敞鎰忓叾涓緢澶氭暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍙槸涓€浜涘(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍏�(n猫i)鐨勮│椹�(y脿n)绲�(ji茅)鏋�,鑸囧(sh铆)闅涗粙璩�(zh矛)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨父甯告湁杓冨ぇ鐨勫嚭鍏�,鐐轰簡鐛插緱鏇村姞鎺ヨ繎瀵�(sh铆)闅涗娇鐢ㄦ浠剁殑鑰愯潟鎬ф暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉),涓€鑸噳(y墨ng)鍦ㄥ(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ゅ収(n猫i)閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡瀵�(sh铆)闅涗粙璩�(zh矛)鐨勮厫铦曡│椹�(y脿n)鎴栫従(xi脿n)鍫�(ch菐ng)姊濅欢涓嬬殑鎺涚墖瑭﹂(y脿n)蹇呰鏅�(sh铆)閭勮閫�(j矛n)琛屾ā鎿缃殑瑭﹂(y脿n).
鍦ㄤ竴浜涗娇鐢ㄦ浠朵笅,閭勬渻(hu矛)閬囧埌閫欑ó鎯呮硜,鐣�(d膩ng)宸ヤ綔浠嬭唱(zh矛)涓垨鎵€鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鐨勫伐妤�(y猫)鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佷腑,鍗充娇鍚湁寰噺鐨勬煇绋垨鏌愭涓嶉姽閻典腑鐨勯噾灞洟瀛愭檪(sh铆),渚挎渻(hu矛)褰遍熆鍖栧伐宸ヨ棟閬庣▼宸ュ伐妤�(y猫)鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑璩�(zh矛)閲�(鍖呮嫭鍏夋兢,椤忚壊,绱斿害绛�).閫欑ó鎯呮硜鍦ㄦ牳鐕冩枡鍒惰棩鍜岄鏂欑瓑宸ユキ(y猫)涓渶鐐哄父瑕�,姝ゆ檪(sh铆)甯稿父閬哥敤涓嶅惈鏌愮ó鍏冪礌鐨勪笉閵归惖鎴栭仼鐣�(d膩ng)鎻愰珮鎵€閬哥敤涓嶉姽閻佃€愯潟鎬ф獢娆�,浠ヤ究浣块噾灞洟瀛愰檷浣庡埌鍏佽ū鐨勯檺搴�.
5.涓嶉姽閻靛埗瑷�(sh猫)鍌�,閮ㄤ欢鑻ュ洜鑵愯潟鑰屽け鏁堟檪(sh铆),鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)閫�(j矛n)琛岃厫铦曠牬澹炲師鍥犵殑鍒嗘瀽,鏌ユ槑鍘熷洜鍚庨噰鍙栨帾鏂�,鑰屼笉鎳�(y墨ng)涓€鎵斾簡涔�.
閴厓绱犵法杓�
绛旓細涓€鑸締瑾�,绨�(ji菐n)鍠殑閴婚幊(鍙婇壔閷虫爱)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鍍呯敤浜庤姹備笉閵规€у拰鑰愭哀鍖栨€т粙璩�(zh矛)(姣斿纭濋吀绛�)鐨勪娇鐢ㄦ浠朵笅,閴綔鐐哄ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻典腑鐨勯噸瑕佸悎閲戝厓绱犲姞鍏ュ埌閻典腑浣垮叾浣跨敤鑼冨湇閫�(j矛n)涓€姝ユ摯(ku貌)澶�,閴殑浣滅敤涓昏鏄彁楂橀惖鍦ㄩ倓鍘熸€т粙璩�(zh矛)(姣擧2SO4,H3PO4,浠ュ強涓€浜涙湁姗�(j墨)閰稿拰灏跨礌鐠�(hu谩n)澧�)鐨勮€愯潟鎬�,骞舵彁楂橀惖鐨勮€愰粸(di菐n)鑵愯潟鍙婄斧闅欒厫铦曠瓑鎬ц兘.
绲勭箶褰遍熆
閴拰閴婚兘鏄舰鎴愬拰绌�(w臎n)瀹氶惖绱犻珨骞舵摯(ku貌)澶ч惖绱犻珨鐩稿崁(q奴)鐨勫厓绱�,閴舰鎴愰惖绱犻珨鐨勮兘鍔涜垏閴荤浉鐣�(d膩ng).閴倓淇冮€�(j矛n)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓噾灞枔鐩�,姣斿蟽鐩�,,魏鐩�,鍜孡aves鐩哥瓑鐨勬矇娣€,灏�(du矛)閻电殑鑰愯潟鎬у拰鍔涘(xu茅)鎬ц兘閮芥渻(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶笉鍒╁奖闊�,鍛婂垾鏄皫(d菐o)鑷村鎬�,闊屾€т笅闄�,鐐轰娇濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖淇濇寔鍠竴鐨勫ェ姘忛珨绲勭箶,闅ㄨ憲閻典腑閴�
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鍚噺鐨勫鍔�,濂ф皬楂斿舰鎴愬厓绱�(閹�,姘強閷崇瓑)鐨勫惈閲忎篃瑕佺浉鎳�(y墨ng)鎻愰珮,浠ヤ繚鎸侀惖涓惖绱犻珨鑸囧ェ姘忛珨褰㈡垚鍏冪礌涔嬮枔鐨勫钩琛�.
閴皪(du矛)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐨勬哀鍖栦綔鐢ㄤ笉椤憲,鍥犳鐣�(d膩ng)閴婚幊濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖淇濇寔鍠竴鐨勫ェ姘忛珨绲勭箶涓旂劇閲戝爆闁撴瀽鍑烘檪(sh铆),閴殑鍔犲叆灏�(du矛)鍏跺婧姏瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц兘褰遍熆涓嶅ぇ,浣嗘槸,闅ㄨ憲閴惈閲忕殑澧炲姞,閻电殑楂樻韩寮�(qi谩ng)搴︽彁楂�,姣斿鎸佷箙,锠曡畩绛夋€ц兘鍧囩嵅杓冨ぇ鏀瑰杽,鍥犳鍚壃涓嶉姽閻典篃甯稿湪楂樻韩涓嬫噳(y墨ng)鐢�,鐒惰€�,閴殑鍔犲叆浣块惖鐨勯珮婧畩褰㈡姉鍔涘澶�,鍔犱箣閻典腑甯稿父瀛樺湪灏戦噺未閻电礌楂斿洜鑰屽惈閴笉閵归惖鐨勭啽琛峰姞宸ユ€ф瘮涓嶅惈閴惖鐐哄樊,鑰屼笖閴惈閲忚秺楂�,鐔卞姞宸ユ€ц兘瓒婂,鍙﹀,鍚壃濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓鏄撲竴鐧捐惉魏(蟽)鐩告矇娣€,閫欏皣椤憲鎯″寲閻电殑濉戞€у拰闊屾€�,鍥犳鍦ㄥ惈閴ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻电殑鐢熺敘(ch菐n),瑷�(sh猫)鍌欏埗閫犲拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ亷绋嬩腑,瑕佹敞鎰忛槻姝㈤惖涓噾灞枔鐩哥殑褰㈡垚.
閴湪濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓殑涓昏浣滅敤鏄彁楂橀惖鐨勮€愰倓鍘熸€т粙璩�(zh矛)鐨勮厫铦曟€ц兘鍜岃€愰粸(di菐n)鑵愯潟,鑰愮斧闅欒厫铦曠瓑鐨勬€ц兘.鍒嗗垾鐐洪壃灏�(du矛)閴婚幊濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鍦ㄧ閰�,纭吀,閱嬮吀,纾烽吀鍜屽翱绱犵瓑浠嬭唱(zh矛)涓€愯潟鎬х殑褰遍熆,鍙互鐪嬪嚭,闄ゅ湪姘у寲鎬т粙璩�(zh矛)HNO3涓檿,閴殑浣滅敤閮芥槸鏈夌泭鐨�,鍥犳鍚壃鐨勫ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻典竴鑸笉鐢ㄥぉ鑰愮閰哥殑鑵愯潟,闄ら潪纭濋吀涓惈F(xi脿n)-,Cl-绛夐洟瀛�,
闆栫劧閴綔鐢ㄧ偤鍚堥噾鍏冪礌灏�(du矛)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鑰愰倓鍘熸€т粙璩�(zh矛),闈㈤粸(di菐n)鑵愯潟鍙婄斧闅欒厫铦曠殑鍘熷洜灏氫笉瀹屽叏娓呮,浣嗗ぇ閲忓(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)宸叉寚鍑�,閴殑鑰愯潟浣滅敤鍍呯浉鐣�(d膩ng)閻典腑鍚湁杓冮珮閲忕殑閴绘檪(sh铆)鎵嶆湁鏁�,閴富瑕佹槸寮�(qi谩ng)鍖栭惖涓壔鐨勮€愯潟浣滅敤,鑸囨鍚屾檪(sh铆),閴舰鎴愰吀楣藉悗鐨勭珐铦曚綔鐢ㄤ篃宸茬偤瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鎵€璀夊(sh铆).
鍦ㄨ€愰珮婵冩隘鍖栫墿婧舵恫鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦曟柟闈�,闆栫劧閴綔鐐哄悎閲戝厓绱犲皪(du矛)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鑰愰倓鍘熸€т粙璩�(zh矛),鑰愰粸(di菐n)鑵愯潟鍙婄斧闅欒厫铦曠殑鍘熷洜灏氫笉瀹屽叏娓呮,浣嗗ぇ閲忓(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)宸叉寚鍑�,閴殑浣滅敤鍍呯暥(d膩ng)閻典腑鍚湁杓冮珮閲忕殑閴绘檪(sh铆)鎵嶆湁鏁�,閴富瑕佹槸寮�(qi谩ng)鍖栭惖涓壔鐨勮€愯潟浣滅敤,鑸囨鍚屾檪(sh铆),閴舰鎴愰壃閰搁菇鍚庣殑绶╂矕浣滅敤涔熷凡鐐哄(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鎵€璀夊(sh铆).
鍦ㄨ€愰珮婵冩隘鍖栫墿娌夋藩鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦曟柟闈�,闆栫劧涓€姝ゅ(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鎸囧悓.3#浠ヤ笅鐨勯壃灏�(du矛)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐨勮€愭噳(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦曟€ц兘鏈夊,,浣嗘槸鐢变簬甯歌閴婚幊濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖澶氬湪鍚湁寰噺姘寲鐗╁強椋藉拰姘х殑姘翠粙璩�(zh矛)涓娇鐢�,鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦曞張浠ラ粸(di菐n)鑵愯潟鐐鸿捣婧�,鍥犳鍚壃鐨勯壔閹抽壃濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐢变簬鑰愰粸(di菐n)鑵愯潟鎬ц兘杓冮珮,鎵€浠ュ湪瀵�(sh铆)闅涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑甯稿父姣斾笉鍚壃閻靛叿鏈夋洿濂界殑鑰愭隘鍖�
閹虫槸濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓殑涓昏鍚堥噾鍏冪礌,鍏朵富瑕佷綔鐢ㄦ槸涓€鐧捐惉骞剁┅(w臎n)瀹氬ェ姘忛珨,浣块惖鐛插緱瀹屽叏濂ф皬楂旂祫绻�,寰炶€屼娇閻靛叿鏈夎壇濂界殑寮�(qi谩ng)搴﹀拰濉戞€�,闊屾€х殑閰嶅悎,骞跺叿鏈夊劒(y艒u)鑹殑鍐�,鐔卞姞宸ユ€у拰鍐峰舰鎴愭€т互鍙婄剨鎺�,浣庢韩鑸囩劇纾佺瓑鎬ц兘,鍚屾檪(sh铆)鎻愰珮濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐨勭啽鍔涘(xu茅)绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�,浣夸箣涓嶅儏姣旂浉鍚岄壔,閴惈閲忕殑閻电礌楂�,棣皬楂旂瓑椤炰笉閵归惖鑲湁鏇村ソ鐨勪笉閵规€у拰鑰愭哀鍖栨€т粙璩�(zh矛)鐨勬€ц兘,鑰屼笖浜庤〃闈㈣啘绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑鎻愰珮,寰炶€屼娇閻甸倓鍏锋湁鏇村姞鍎�(y艒u)鐣扮殑鑰愪竴浜涢倓鍘熸€т粙璩�(zh矛)鐨勬€ц兘.
绲勭箶褰遍熆
閹虫槸寮�(qi谩ng)鐑堜竴鐧捐惉骞剁┅(w臎n)瀹氬ェ姘忛珨涓旀摯(ku貌)澶уェ姘忛珨鐩稿崁(q奴)鐨勫厓绱�,鐐轰簡鐛插緱鍠竴鐨勫ェ姘忛珨绲勭箶,鐣�(d膩ng)閻典腑鍚湁0.1%纰冲拰18%閴绘檪(sh铆)鎵€闇€鐨勯幊鍚噺绱勭偤8%,閫欎究鏄渶钁楀悕18-8閴婚幊濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐨勫熀鏈垎,濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓�,闅ㄨ憲閹冲惈閲忕殑澧炲姞,娈樹綑鐨勯惖绱犻珨鍙畬鍏ㄦ秷闄�,骞堕’钁楅檷浣幭冪浉褰㈡垚鐨勫偩鍚�;鍚屾檪(sh铆)棣皬楂旇綁(zhu菐n)鐑存韩搴﹂檷浣�,鐢氳嚦鍙笉鍑虹従(xi脿n)位鈫扢鐩歌畩,浣嗘槸閹冲惈閲忕殑澧炲姞鏈�(hu矛)闄嶄綆纰冲湪濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓殑婧惰В搴�,寰炶€屼娇纰冲寲鐗╂瀽鍑哄偩鍚戝寮�(qi谩ng).
鎬ц兘褰遍熆
閹冲皪(du矛)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐗瑰垾鏄皪(du矛)閴婚幊璨�(f霉)鏁�(sh霉)姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻靛姏瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц兘鐨勫奖闊夸富瑕佹槸鐢遍幊灏�(du矛)濂ф皬楂旂┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑褰遍熆渚嗘焙瀹�,鍦ㄩ惖涓彲鑳界櫦(f膩)鐢熼Μ姘忛珨杞�(zhu菐n)璁婄殑閹冲惈閲忚寖鍦嶅収(n猫i),闅ㄨ憲閹冲惈閲忕殑澧炲姞,閻电殑寮�(qi谩ng)搴﹂檷浣庨爜濉戞€ф彁楂�,鍏锋湁绌�(w臎n)瀹氬ェ姘忛珨绲勭箶鐨勯壔閹冲ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻甸煂鎬�(鍖呮嫭妤典綆婧煂鎬�)闈炲父鍎�(y艒u)鑹�,鍥犺€�
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鍙綔鐐轰綆婧惖浣跨敤,閫欐槸鐪炬墍鍛ㄧ煡鐨�,灏�(du矛)浜庡叿鏈夌┅(w臎n)瀹氬ェ姘忛珨绲勭箶鐨勯壔閷冲ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻�,閹崇殑鍔犲叆鍙€�(j矛n)涓€姝ユ敼鍠勫叾闊屾€�.閹抽倓鍙’钁楅檷浣庡ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻电殑鍐峰姞宸ョ‖鍖栧偩鍚�,閫欎富瑕佹槸鐢变簬濂ф皬楂旂┅(w臎n)瀹氭€у澶�,娓涘皯浠ヨ嚦娑堥櫎浜嗗喎鍔犲伐閬庣▼涓殑棣皬楂旇綁(zhu菐n)璁�,鍚屾檪(sh铆)灏�(du矛)濂ф皬楂旀湰韬殑鍐峰姞宸ョ‖鍖栦綔鐢ㄤ笉澶槑椤�,涓嶉姽閻靛喎鍔犲伐纭寲鍌惧悜鐨勫奖闊�,閹抽檷浣庡ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻靛喎鍔犲伐纭寲閫熺巼,鑸囬檷浣庨惖鐨勫婧強浣庢韩寮�(qi谩ng)搴�,鎻愰珮濉戞€х殑浣滅敤,姹哄畾浜嗛幊鍚噺鐨勬彁楂樻湁鍒╀簬濂ф皬楂斾笉閵圭殑鍐峰姞宸ユ垚褰㈡€ц兘,鎻愰珮閹冲惈閲忛倓鍙笡灏戜互鑷虫秷闄�18-8鍜�17-14-2鍨嬮壔閹�9閴�)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓殑未閻电礌楂�,寰炶€屾彁楂樺叾鐔卞姞宸ユ€ц兘,浣嗘槸,未閻电礌楂旂殑娓涘皯灏�(du矛)閫欎簺閻电ó鐨勫彲鐒婃帴鎬т笉鍒╂渻(hu矛)澧炲ぇ鐒婃帴鐔辫绱嬬挡鍌惧悜,姝ゅ,閹抽倓鍙’钁楁彁楂橀壔閷虫爱(閴婚尦閹虫爱)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐨勭啽鍔犲伐鎬ц兘,寰炶€岄’钁楁彁楂橀惖鐨勬垚鏉愮巼
鍦ㄥェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻典腑,閹崇殑鍔犲叆浠ュ強闅ㄨ憲閹冲惈閲忕殑鎻愰珮,灏�(d菐o)鑷撮惖鐨勭啽鍔涘(xu茅)绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€у鍔�,鍥犳濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鍏锋湁鏇村ソ鐨勪笉閵规€у拰鑰愭哀鍖栨€т粙璩�(zh矛)鐨勬€ц兘,涓旈毃钁楅幊鍚噺澧炲姞,鑰愰倓鍘熸€т粙璩�(zh矛)鐨勬€ц兘閫�(j矛n)涓€姝ュ緱鍒版敼鍠�.鍊煎緱鎸囧嚭,閹抽倓鏄彁楂樺ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽鑰愯ū澶氫粙璩�(zh矛)绌挎櫠鍨嬫噳(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦曠殑閲嶈鍏冪礌.
鍦ㄥ悇绋吀浠嬭唱(zh矛)涓幊灏�(du矛)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鑰愯潟鎬ц兘鐨勫奖闊�,闇€瑕佹寚鍑�,鍦ㄩ珮婧珮澹撴按涓殑涓€浜涙浠朵笅,閹冲惈閲忕殑鎻愰珮灏�(d菐o)鑷撮惖鍜屽悎閲戠殑鏅堕枔鍨嬫噳(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦曟€у鍔�,浣嗘槸閫欑ó涓嶅埄浣滅敤鏈�(hu矛)鐢变簬閻靛強鍚堥噾涓壔鍚噺鐨勬彁楂樿€岀嵅寰楁笡杓曟垨鍙楀埌鎶戝埗.闅ㄧ鍗″ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻典腑閹冲惈閲忕殑鎻愰珮,鍏剁敘(ch菐n)鐢熸櫠闁撹厫铦曠殑鑷ㄧ晫纰冲惈閲忛檷浣�,鍗抽惖鐨勬櫠闁撹厫铦曟€у鍔�,鑷充簬灏�(du矛)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鑰愰粸(di菐n)鑵愯潟鍙婄斧闅欒厫铦曠殑鎬ц兘,閹崇殑浣滅敤骞朵笉椤憲,姝ゅ,閹抽倓鎻愰珮濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐨勯珮婧姉姘у寲鎬ц兘,閫欎富瑕佽垏閹虫敼鍠勪簡閴荤殑姘у寲鑶滅殑鎴愬垎,绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц兘闄嶄綆,骞朵笖閹冲惈閲忚秺楂樿秺鏈夊,閫欎富瑕佹槸鐢变簬閻典腑鏅剁晫铏曚竴鐧捐惉浣庣啍榛�(di菐n)纭寲閹虫墍鑷�.
閴诲厓绱犵法杓�
閴荤殑褰遍熆:閴绘槸濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓渶涓昏鐨勫悎閲戝厓绱�,濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐨勪笉閵规€у拰鑰愯潟鎬х殑鐛插緱涓昏鏄敱浜庡湪鏈�(hu矛)璩�(zh矛)浣滅敤涓�,閴讳績閫�(j矛n)浜嗛惖鐨勯垗鍖栧苟浣块惖淇濇寔绌�(w臎n)瀹氶垗鎱�(t脿i)鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋�.鈼�1閴诲皪(du矛)绲勭箶鐨勫奖闊�:鍦ㄥェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻典腑,閴绘槸寮�(qi谩ng)鐑堝舰鎴愬苟绌�(w臎n)瀹氶惖楂旂殑鍏冪礌,绺皬濂ф皬楂斿崁(q奴),闅ㄨ憲閻典腑鍚噺澧炲姞,濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓彲鍑虹従(xi脿n)閻电礌楂�(未)绲勭箶,鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑,鍦ㄩ壔閹冲ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻典腑,鐣�(d膩ng)纰冲惈閲忕偤0.1%,閴诲惈閲忕偤18%鏅�(sh铆),鐐虹嵅寰楃┅(w臎n)瀹氱殑鍠竴濂ф皬楂旂祫绻�,鎵€闇€閹冲惈閲忕磩鐐�8%,灏遍€欎竴榛�(di菐n)鑰岃█,甯哥敤鐨�18Cr鈥�8Ni鍨嬮壔閹冲ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻垫槸鍚壔,閹抽噺閰嶆瘮鏈€鐐洪仼瀹滅殑涓€绋�.
鏈夊ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻典腑,闅ㄨ憲閴诲惈閲忕殑澧炲姞,涓€浜涢噾灞枔鐩�(姣斿未鐩�)鐨勫舰鎴愬偩鍚戝澶�,鐣�(d膩ng)閻典腑鍚湁閴檪(sh铆),閴诲惈鍚噺鏈�(hu矛)澧炲姞閭勬渻(hu矛)蠂鐩哥瓑鐨勫舰鎴�,濡傚墠鎵€杩�,蟽, 蠂鐩哥殑鏋愬嚭涓嶅儏椤憲闄嶄綆閻电殑濉戞€у拰闊屾€�,鑰屼笖鍦ㄤ竴浜涙浠朵笅閭勯檷浣庨惖鐨勮€愯潟鎬�,濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓壔鍚噺鐨勬彁楂樺彲浣块Μ姘忛珨杞�(zhu菐n)鐑存韩搴�(Ms)涓嬮檷,寰炶€屾彁楂樺ェ姘忛珨鍩洪珨鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€�.鍥犳楂橀壔(姣斿瓒呴亷20%)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鍗充娇缍�(j墨ng)閬庡喎鍔犲伐鍜屼綆婧檿鐞嗕篃寰堥洠鐛插緱棣皬楂旂祫绻�..
閴绘槸寮�(qi谩ng)纰冲寲鐗╁舰鎴愬厓绱�,鍦ㄥェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻典腑涔熶笉渚嬪,濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓父瑕嬬殑閴荤⒊鍖栫墿鏈塁r23C6;鐣�(d膩ng)閻典腑鍚湁閴垨閴绘檪(sh铆),閭勫彲瑕嬪埌鏈烠r6C绛夌⒊鍖栫墿,瀹冨€戠殑褰㈡垚鍦ㄦ煇浜涙浠朵笅灏�(du矛)閻电殑鎬ц兘鏈�(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熼噸瑕佸奖闊�.鈼�2閴诲皪(du矛)鎬ц兘鐨勫奖闊�:涓€鑸締璎�,鍙濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖淇濇寔瀹屽叏濂ф皬楂旂祫绻旇€屾矑鏈壩撮惖绱犻珨绛夌殑褰㈡垚,鍍呮彁楂橀惖涓壔鍚噺涓嶆渻(hu矛)灏�(du矛)鍔涘(xu茅)鎬ц兘鏈夐’钁楀奖闊�,閴诲皪(du矛)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鎬ц兘褰遍熆鐨勬槸鑰愯潟鎬�,涓昏琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鐐�:閴绘彁楂橀惖鐨勮€愭哀鍖栨€т粙璩�(zh矛)鍜岄吀鎬ф隘鍖栫墿浠嬭唱(zh矛)鐨勬€ц兘;鍦ㄩ幊浠ュ強閴拰閵呭京(f霉)鍚堜綔鐢ㄤ笅,閴绘彁楂橀惖鑰愪竴浜涢倓鍘熸€т粙璩�(zh矛),鏈夋(j墨)閰�,灏跨礌鍜屽牽浠嬭唱(zh矛)鐨勬€ц兘;閴婚倓鎻愰珮閻佃€愬眬閮ㄨ厫铦�,姣斿鏅堕枔鑵愯潟.榛�(di菐n)鑵愯潟,绺殭鑵愯潟浠ュ強鏌愭姊濅欢涓嬫噳(y墨ng)鍔涢珨鑲查え鐨勬€ц兘..灏�(du矛)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鏅堕枔楂旇偛椁ㄦ€у奖闊跨殑鍥犵礌鏄惖涓⒊鍚噺,鍏朵粬鍏冪礌灏�(du矛)鏅堕枔楂旇偛椁ㄧ殑浣滅敤涓昏瑕栧叾灏�(du矛)纰冲寲鐗╃殑婧惰В鍜屾矇娣€琛岀偤鐨勫奖闊胯€屽畾,鍦ㄥェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻典腑,閴昏兘澧炲ぇ纰崇殑婧惰В搴﹁€岄檷浣庨壔鐨勮钵鍖栧害,鍥犺€屾彁楂橀壔鍚噺灏�(du矛)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐨勮€愭櫠闁撹厫铦曟槸鏈夌泭,閴婚潪甯告湁鏁堝湴鏀瑰杽濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐨勮€愰粸(di菐n)鑵愯潟鍙婄斧闅欒厫铦曟€ц兘,鐣�(d膩ng)閻典腑鍚屾檪(sh铆)鏈夐壃鎴栭壃鍙婃爱瀛樺湪鏅�(sh铆),閴荤殑閫欑ó鏈夋晥鎬уぇ鍔犲挤(qi谩ng),闆栫劧鏍规摎(j霉)鐮旂┒閴殑鑰愰粸(di菐n)楂旇偛椁ㄥ強绺殭鑵愯潟鐨勮兘鍔涚偤閴荤殑瑭卞€嶅乏鍙�,姘偤閴荤殑30鍊�,浣嗘槸澶ч噺鐮旂┒,濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓鏋滄矑鏈夐壔鎴栬€呴壔鍚噺杓冧綆,閴強姘殑鑰愰粸(di菐n)鑵愯潟鑸囩斧闅欒厫铦曚綔鐢ㄤ究鏈�(hu矛)鍠け鎴栦笉澶犻’钁�.
閴诲皪(du矛)濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐨勮€愭噳(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦曟€ц兘鐨勪綔鐢�,闅ㄥ(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)浠嬭唱(zh矛)姊濅欢鍙婂(sh铆)闅涗娇鐢ㄧ挵(hu谩n)澧冭€岀暟,鍦∕gCl2娌搁ò婧舵恫涓�,閴荤殑浣滅敤涓€鑸槸鏈夊鐨�,浣嗘槸鍦ㄥ惈Cl-鍜屾哀鐨勬按浠嬭唱(zh矛),楂樻韩楂樺姘翠互鍙婇粸(di菐n)鑵愯潟鐐鸿捣婧愮殑鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦曟浠朵笅,鎻愰珮閻典腑閴诲惈閲忓墖灏�(du矛)鑰愭噳(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦曟湁鍒�,鍚屾檪(sh铆),閴婚倓鍙槻姝㈠ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻靛強鍚堥噾涓敱浜庨幊鍚噺鎻愰珮鑰屽鏄撳嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勬櫠闁撳瀷鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦曠殑鍌惧悜,灏�(du矛)闁嬭嫑鎬�(NqOH)鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦�,閴荤殑浣滅敤涔熸槸鏈夌泭鐨�
閴婚櫎灏�(du矛)璨�(f霉)鏁�(sh霉)姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻佃€愯潟鎬ф湁閲嶈褰遍熆澶�,閭勮兘椤憲鎻愰珮瑭查閻电殑鎶楁哀鍖�,鎶楃～鍖栧拰鎶楄瀺楣借厫铦曠瓑鎬ц兘.
纰冲厓绱犵法杓�
纰崇殑褰遍熆:纰冲湪濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖涓槸寮�(qi谩ng)鐑堝舰鎴愬苟绌�(w臎n)瀹氬ェ姘忛珨涓旀摯(ku貌)澶уェ姘忛珨鍗€(q奴)鐨勫厓绱�.纰冲舰鎴愬ェ姘忛珨鐨勮兘鍔涚磩鐐洪幊鐨�30鍊�,纰虫槸涓€绋枔闅欏厓绱�,閫氶亷鍥烘憾寮�(qi谩ng)鍖栧彲椤憲鎻愰珮濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖鐨勫挤(qi谩ng)搴�.纰抽倓鍙彁楂樺ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻靛湪楂樻績姘寲鐗�(濡�42%MgCl2娌搁ò婧舵恫)涓殑鑰愭噳(y墨ng)鍔涜厫铦曠殑鎬ц兘.
浣嗘槸,鍦ㄥェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻典腑,纰冲父甯歌瑕栫偤鏈夊鍏冪礌,閫欎富瑕佹槸鐢变簬鍦ㄤ笉閵归惖鍜岃€愯潟鐢ㄩ€斾腑鐨勪竴浜涙浠朵笅(姣斿鐒婃帴鎴栫稉(j墨ng)450~850鈩冨姞鐔�),纰冲彲鑸囬惖涓殑閴诲舰鎴愰珮閴荤殑Cr23C6鍨嬬⒊鍖栧悎鐗╁緸鑰屽皫(d菐o)鑷村眬閮ㄩ壔鐨勮钵鍖�,浣块惖鐨勮€愯潟鎬х壒鍒ユ槸鑰愭櫠闁撹厫铦曟€ц兘涓嬮檷.鍥犳,60骞翠唬浠ヤ締鏂扮櫦(f膩)灞曠殑閴婚幊濂ф皬楂斾笉閵归惖澶ч兘鏄⒊鍚噺灏忎簬0.03%鎴�0.02%瓒呬綆纰冲瀷鐨�,鍙互鐭ラ亾闅ㄨ憲纰冲惈閲忛檷浣�,閻电殑鏅堕枔鑵愯潟鎬ч檷浣�,鐣�(d膩ng)纰冲惈閲忎綆浜�0.02%鎵嶅叿鏈夋渶鏄庨’鐨勬晥鏋�,涓€浜涘(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐝犲厜閭勬寚鍑�,纰抽倓鏈�(hu矛)澧炲ぇ閴诲ェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻电殑榛�(di菐n)鑵愯潟鍒嗗偩鍚�.鐢变簬纰崇殑鏈夊浣滅敤,涓嶅儏鍦ㄥェ姘忛珨涓嶉姽閻靛喍鐓夐亷鍜屼腑鎳�(y墨ng)鎸夎姹傛帶鍒剁洝閲忎綆鐨勭⒊鍚噺,鑰屼笖鍦ㄩ毃鍚庣殑鐔�,鍐峰姞宸ュ拰鐔辫檿鐞嗙瓑閬庣▼涓篃鍦ㄩ槻姝笉閵归惖琛ㄩ潰澧炵⒊,涓斿厤閴荤殑纰冲寲鐗╂瀽鍑�.
鐗╃悊鎬ц兘绶ㄨ集
涓嶉姽閻电殑鐗╃悊鎬ц兘
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涓嶉姽閻电殑鑰愮啽鎬ц兘
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308 涓嶉姽閻电敤浜庡埗浣滅剨姊濄€�
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鍒嗛绶ㄨ集
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